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Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Clinical Medicine Année : 2021

Genomics of Viral Hepatitis-Associated Liver Tumors

Résumé

Virus-related liver carcinogenesis is one of the main contributors of cancer-related death worldwide mainly due to the impact of chronic hepatitis B and C infections. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain the oncogenic properties of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: induction of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis, expression of HBV oncogenic proteins, and insertional mutagenesis into the genome of infected hepatocytes. Hepatitis B insertional mutagenesis modifies the function of cancer driver genes and could promote chromosomal instability. In contrast, hepatitis C virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence mainly through cirrhosis development whereas the direct oncogenic role of the virus in human remains debated. Finally, adeno associated virus type 2 (AAV2), a defective DNA virus, has been associated with occurrence of HCC harboring insertional mutagenesis of the virus. Since these tumors developed in a non-cirrhotic context and in the absence of a known etiological factor, AAV2 appears to be the direct cause of tumor development in these patients via a mechanism of insertional mutagenesis altering similar oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes targeted by HBV. A better understanding of virus-related oncogenesis will be helpful to develop new preventive strategies and therapies directed against specific alterations observed in virus-related HCC.
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Origine : Publication financée par une institution

Dates et versions

hal-03215306 , version 1 (03-05-2021)

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Camille Péneau, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Jean-Charles Nault. Genomics of Viral Hepatitis-Associated Liver Tumors. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021, 10 (9), pp.1827. ⟨10.3390/jcm10091827⟩. ⟨hal-03215306⟩
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