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U. Doe, J. B. Coordinated, I. V. Project, A. K. , X. Z. et al., conducted automated annotation and analysis; U.J. at the AWI performed Illumina sequencing of 13 additional strains images; phylogenetic anaylses was contributed by (Supplementary Fig. 1); B.A.R. wrote the manuscript in collaboration with (co-second senior authors), Author Contributions Genome sequencing was performed by the Authors in the first alphabetical list of the paper are equally contributing second authors who made substantial contributions to the paper. The remaining authors are members of the E. huxleyi Annotation Consortium who contributed additional analyses and/or annotations

J. and C. Venter-institute, Laboratoire International Associé Dispersal and Adaptation in Marine Species, Station Biologique de Roscoff The Marine Plants and Biomolecules Laboratory Ostrava, Czech Republic. 10 Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School 11 Leibniz Institute for Age Research -Fritz Lipmann Institute, Moscow 117303, Russia. 5 Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France. 6 Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth PL12PB, UK. 7 CNRS, UMR 7139. 15 Ocean and Earth Science, pp.0-17

C. Departamento-de and . Biológicas, Observatoire Océanologique Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. 34 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 35 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Ibaraki Prefecture 305-8572, Japan. 36 Biosciences, p.38

P. Way and E. Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA. 39 Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, 1205 West 7th Street, 40 Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution