F. Cléard, M. Matsarskaia, and P. Spierer, : there are two alternative transcripts and seven scattered zinc fingers, each preceded by a tryptophan box, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.23, issue.5, pp.796-802, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/23.5.796

F. Cléard and P. Spierer, : the modifier Su(var)3-7 is a modular DNA-binding protein, EMBO reports, vol.56, issue.12, pp.1095-1100, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/embo-reports/kve243

F. Cléard, M. Delattre, and P. Spierer, SU(VAR)3-7, a Drosophila heterochromatin-associated protein and companion of HP1 in the genomic silencing of position-effect variegation, The EMBO Journal, vol.16, issue.17, pp.5280-5288, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/16.17.5280

M. Delattre, A. Spierer, C. Tonka, and P. Spierer, The genomic silencing of position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster: interaction between the heterochromatin-associated proteins Su(var)3?7 and HP1, J Cell Sci, vol.113, issue.23, pp.4253-4261, 2000.

G. Schotta, A. Ebert, V. Krauss, A. Fischer, and J. Hoffmann, Central role of Drosophila SU(VAR)3-9 in histone H3-K9 methylation and heterochromatic gene silencing, The EMBO Journal, vol.21, issue.5, pp.1121-1131, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/21.5.1121

A. Spierer, C. Seum, M. Delattre, and P. Spierer, Loss of the modifiers of variegation Su(var)3-7 or HP1 impacts male X polytene chromosome morphology and dosage compensation, Journal of Cell Science, vol.118, issue.21, pp.5047-5057, 2005.
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.02623

R. Slotkin and R. Martienssen, Transposable elements and the epigenetic regulation of the genome, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.3, issue.4, pp.272-285, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nrg2072

S. Ronsseray, M. Lehmann, and D. Anxolabehere, The maternally inherited regulation of P elements in Drosophila melanogaster can be elicited by two P copies at cytological site 1A on the X chromosome, Genetics, vol.129, pp.501-512, 1991.

A. Aravin, M. Lagos-quintana, A. Yalcin, M. Zavolan, and D. Marks, The Small RNA Profile during Drosophila melanogaster Development, Developmental Cell, vol.5, issue.2, pp.337-350, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00228-4

C. Li, V. Vagin, S. Lee, J. Xu, and S. Ma, Collapse of Germline piRNAs in the Absence of Argonaute3 Reveals Somatic piRNAs in Flies, Cell, vol.137, issue.3, pp.509-521, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.027

C. Malone, J. Brennecke, M. Dus, A. Stark, and W. Mccombie, Specialized piRNA Pathways Act in Germline and Somatic Tissues of the Drosophila Ovary, Cell, vol.137, issue.3, pp.522-535, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.040

J. Brennecke, A. Aravin, A. Stark, M. Dus, and M. Kellis, Discrete Small RNA-Generating Loci as Master Regulators of Transposon Activity in Drosophila, Cell, vol.128, issue.6, pp.1089-1103, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.043

C. Klattenhoff, H. Xi, C. Li, S. Lee, and J. Xu, The Drosophila HP1 Homolog Rhino Is Required for Transposon Silencing and piRNA Production by Dual-Strand Clusters, Cell, vol.138, issue.6, pp.1137-1149, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2009.07.014

P. Rangan, C. Malone, C. Navarro, S. Newbold, and P. Hayes, piRNA Production Requires Heterochromatin Formation in Drosophila, Current Biology, vol.21, issue.16, pp.1373-1379, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.057

N. Moshkovich and E. Lei, HP1 Recruitment in the Absence of Argonaute Proteins in Drosophila, PLoS Genetics, vol.10, issue.3, p.1000880, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000880.s011

A. Todeschini, L. Teysset, V. Delmarre, and S. Ronsseray, The Epigenetic Trans-Silencing Effect in Drosophila Involves Maternally-Transmitted Small RNAs Whose Production Depends on the piRNA Pathway and HP1, PLoS ONE, vol.32, issue.6, p.11032, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0011032.g002

X. Huang, H. Yin, S. Sweeney, D. Raha, and M. Snyder, A Major Epigenetic Programming Mechanism Guided by piRNAs, Developmental Cell, vol.24, issue.5, pp.502-516, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.023

M. Klenov, S. Lavrov, A. Stolyarenko, S. Ryazansky, and A. Aravin, Repeat-associated siRNAs cause chromatin silencing of retrotransposons in the Drosophila melanogaster germline, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.35, issue.16, pp.5430-5438, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkm576

G. Sienski, D. Donertas, and J. Brennecke, Transcriptional Silencing of Transposons by Piwi and Maelstrom and Its Impact on Chromatin State and Gene Expression, Cell, vol.151, issue.5, pp.964-980, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.040

S. Wang and S. Elgin, Drosophila Piwi functions downstream of piRNA production mediating a chromatin-based transposon silencing mechanism in female germ line, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.108, issue.52, pp.21164-21169, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1107892109

L. Thomas, A. Rogers, A. Webster, A. Marinov, G. Liao et al., Piwi induces piRNA-guided transcriptional silencing and establishment of a repressive chromatin state, Genes & Development, vol.27, issue.4, pp.390-399, 2013.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.209841.112

N. Rozhkov, M. Hammell, and G. Hannon, Multiple roles for Piwi in silencing Drosophila transposons, Genes & Development, vol.27, issue.4, pp.400-412, 2013.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.209767.112

B. Czech, J. Preall, J. Mcginn, and G. Hannon, A Transcriptome-wide RNAi Screen in the Drosophila Ovary Reveals Factors of the Germline piRNA Pathway, Molecular Cell, vol.50, issue.5, pp.749-761, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.007

D. Handler, K. Meixner, M. Pizka, K. Lauss, and C. Schmied, The Genetic Makeup of the Drosophila piRNA Pathway, Molecular Cell, vol.50, issue.5, pp.762-777, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.031

F. Muerdter, P. Guzzardo, J. Gillis, Y. Luo, and Y. Yu, A Genome-wide RNAi Screen Draws a Genetic Framework for Transposon Control and Primary piRNA Biogenesis in Drosophila, Molecular Cell, vol.50, issue.5, pp.736-748, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.006

S. Mani, H. Megosh, and H. Lin, PIWI proteins are essential for early Drosophila embryogenesis, Developmental Biology, vol.385, issue.2, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.017

C. Seum, D. Pauli, M. Delattre, Y. Jaquet, and A. Spierer, Isolation of Su(var)3?7 mutations by homologous recombination in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, vol.161, pp.1125-1136, 2002.

L. Marin, M. Lehmann, D. Nouaud, H. Izaabel, and D. Anxolabehere, P- Element repression in Drosophila melanogaster by a naturally occurring defective telomeric P copy, Genetics, vol.155, pp.1841-1854, 2000.

T. Schupbach and E. Wieschaus, Female sterile mutations on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Mutations blocking oogenesis or altering egg morphology, Genetics, vol.129, pp.1119-1136, 1991.

B. Loppin, F. Berger, and P. Couble, Paternal Chromosome Incorporation into the Zygote Nucleus Is Controlled by maternal haploid in Drosophila, Developmental Biology, vol.231, issue.2, pp.383-396, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/dbio.2000.0152

E. Mathe and N. J. Totowa, Immunocytological analysis of oogenesis, pp.89-127, 2003.

J. Vandesompele, D. Preter, K. Pattyn, F. Poppe, B. et al., Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes, Genome Biol, vol.3, p.34, 2002.

D. Koryakov, N. Mal-'ceva, R. King, I. Zhimulev, and N. J. Totowa, Polytene Chromosomes From Ovarian Nurse Cells of Drosophila melanogaster otu Mutants, pp.139-161, 2003.
DOI : 10.1385/1-59259-665-7:139

M. Kidwell, J. Kidwell, and J. Sved, Hybrid Dysgenesis in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: A Syndrome of Aberrant Traits Including Mutation, Sterility and Male Recombination, Genetics, vol.86, pp.813-833, 1977.

R. Schaeffer, M. Kidwell, and A. Fausto-sterling, Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: morphological and cytological studies of ovarian dysgenesis, Genetics, vol.92, pp.1141-1152, 1979.

J. Niemi, J. Raymond, R. Patrek, and M. Simmons, Establishment and Maintenance of the P Cytotype Associated With Telomeric P Elements in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, vol.166, issue.1, pp.255-264, 2004.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.166.1.255

S. Ronsseray, M. Lehmann, D. Nouaud, and D. Anxolabehere, The regulatory properties of autonomous subtelomeric P elements are sensitive to a Suppressor of variegation in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, vol.143, pp.1663-1674, 1996.

D. Olivieri, M. Sykora, R. Sachidanandam, K. Mechtler, and J. Brennecke, An in vivo RNAi assay identifies major genetic and cellular requirements for primary piRNA biogenesis in Drosophila, The EMBO Journal, vol.1, issue.19, pp.3301-3317, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/gene.20070

B. Brower-toland, S. Findley, L. Jiang, L. Liu, and H. Yin, Drosophila PIWI associates with chromatin and interacts directly with HP1a, Genes & Development, vol.21, issue.18, pp.2300-2311, 2007.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.1564307

C. Juliano, J. Wang, and H. Lin, Uniting Germline and Stem Cells: The Function of Piwi Proteins and the piRNA Pathway in Diverse Organisms, Annual Review of Genetics, vol.45, issue.1, pp.447-469, 2011.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132541

D. Koryakov, G. Reuter, P. Dimitri, and I. Zhimulev, The SuUR gene influences the distribution of heterochromatic proteins HP1 and SU(VAR)3???9 on nurse cell polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, Chromosoma, vol.111, issue.Suppl 4, pp.296-310, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00412-005-0044-2

J. Eissenberg and G. Reuter, Chapter 1 Cellular Mechanism for Targeting Heterochromatin Formation in Drosophila, Int Rev Cell Mol Biol, vol.273, pp.1-47, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S1937-6448(08)01801-7

A. Bucheton, R. Paro, H. Sang, A. Pelisson, and D. Finnegan, The molecular basis of I-R hybrid Dysgenesis in drosophila melanogaster: Identification, cloning, and properties of the I factor, Cell, vol.38, issue.1, pp.153-163, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90536-1

Y. Chen, A. Pane, and T. Schupbach, cutoff and aubergine Mutations Result in Retrotransposon Upregulation and Checkpoint Activation in Drosophila, Current Biology, vol.17, issue.7, pp.637-642, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.027

S. Findley, M. Tamanaha, N. Clegg, and H. Ruohola-baker, Maelstrom, a Drosophila spindle-class gene, encodes a protein that colocalizes with Vasa and RDE1/AGO1 homolog, Aubergine, in nuage, Development, vol.130, issue.5, pp.859-871, 2003.
DOI : 10.1242/dev.00310

A. Lim and K. T. , Unique germ-line organelle, nuage, functions to repress selfish genetic elements in Drosophila melanogaster, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.16, pp.6714-6719, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0701920104

A. Pane, K. Wehr, and T. Schupbach, zucchini and squash Encode Two Putative Nucleases Required for rasiRNA Production in the Drosophila Germline, Developmental Cell, vol.12, issue.6, pp.851-862, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.03.022

V. Patil and K. T. , Repression of Retroelements in Drosophila Germline via piRNA Pathway by the Tudor Domain Protein Tejas, Current Biology, vol.20, issue.8, pp.724-730, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.046

J. Khurana, J. Xu, Z. Weng, and W. Theurkauf, Distinct Functions for the Drosophila piRNA Pathway in Genome Maintenance and Telomere Protection, PLoS Genetics, vol.180, issue.12, p.1001246, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001246.s011

D. Cox, A. Chao, and H. Lin, piwi encodes a nucleoplasmic factor whose activity modulates the number and division rate of germline stem cells, Development, vol.127, pp.503-514, 2000.

S. Mani and C. Juliano, Untangling the web: The diverse functions of the PIWI/piRNA pathway, Molecular Reproduction and Development, vol.107, issue.8, pp.632-664, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/mrd.22195

C. Rouget, C. Papin, A. Boureux, A. Meunier, and B. Franco, Maternal mRNA deadenylation and decay by the piRNA pathway in the early Drosophila embryo, Nature, vol.23, issue.7319, pp.1128-1132, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09465

J. Brennecke, C. Malone, A. Aravin, R. Sachidanandam, and A. Stark, An Epigenetic Role for Maternally Inherited piRNAs in Transposon Silencing, Science, vol.322, issue.5906, pp.1387-1392, 2008.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1165171

L. Liu, H. Qi, J. Wang, and H. Lin, PAPI, a novel TUDOR-domain protein, complexes with AGO3, ME31B and TRAL in the nuage to silence transposition, Development, vol.138, issue.9, pp.1863-1873, 2011.
DOI : 10.1242/dev.059287

M. Hearn, A. Hedrick, T. Grigliatti, and B. Wakimoto, The effect of modifiers of position-effect variegation on the variegation of heterochromatic genes of Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, vol.128, pp.785-797, 1991.

A. Johansson, P. Stenberg, C. Bernhardsson, and J. Larsson, Painting of fourth and chromosome-wide regulation of the 4th chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, The EMBO Journal, vol.104, issue.9, pp.2307-2316, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601604

A. Pane, P. Jiang, D. Zhao, M. Singh, and T. Schupbach, germline, The EMBO Journal, vol.3, issue.22, pp.4601-4615, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/emboj.2011.334

R. King, S. Riley, J. Cassidy, P. White, and Y. Paik, Giant polytene chromosomes from the ovaries of a Drosophila mutant, Science, vol.212, issue.4493, pp.441-443, 1981.
DOI : 10.1126/science.6782674