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G. Recherche, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)

. Zoologica-anton-dohrn, F. Unimib, ?. For-scientific-research, R. Flanders, . Institute et al., The 743

F. Ministry, F. Research, F. Government, and . Genomique, ANR-10-INBS-09-08), MEMO LIFE (ANR-10-LABX-54), 745 PSL* Research University (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), ANR (projects POSEIDON/ANR-09-BLAN-0348, European Union FP7 (MicroB3/No.287589 ERC Advanced Grant Award to CB (Diatomite: 294823), Gordon and Betty Moore 749 Foundation grant (#3790 and #2631) and the UA Technology and Research Initiative Fund and the Water, p.750, 1709.

E. Environmental, Solutions Initiative to MBS, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant 751 CGL2011-26848, BOS MicroOcean PANGENOMICS to SGA, TANIT (CONES 2010-0036) from the Agència 752

. Bourgois, the Veolia Environment Foundation, Region Bretagne, World Courier, p.755

. Illumina, . Foundation, P. Frb, I. Albert, and . De-monaco-foundation, the Tara schooner and its 756 captains and crew. We thank MERCATOR-CORIOLIS and ACRI-ST for providing daily satellite data during 757 the expedition We are also grateful to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs for supporting the expedition and 758 to the countries who graciously granted sampling permissions. Tara Oceans would not exist without continuous 759 support from 23 institutes (http://oceans.taraexpeditions.org). The authors further declare that all data reported 760 herein are fully and freely available from the date of publication, with no restrictions, and that all of the 761 samples, analyses, publications, and ownership of data are free from legal entanglement or restriction of any 762 sort by the various nations whose waters the Tara Oceans expedition sampled in, This article is contribution 763 number ZZZ of Tara Oceans. 764 Author Contributions 765

L. G. , S. C. Lu, and D. E. , designed the study and wrote the paper, p.766

. S. Oceans-samples, L. G. K-l-managed-the, and M. P. , analysed 767 oceanographic dataR. performed the 768 genomic and statistical analyses, p.769

E. K. , C. B. , G. G. Supervised-the-study, J. R. , E. K. et al., provided constructive comments, 770 revised and edited the manuscript. Tara Oceans coordinators provided a creative environment and constructive 771 criticism throughout the study

. Pesant, All authors approved the final manuscript. Reprints and permissions information is available at 777 www.nature.com/reprints. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Correspondence and requests 778 for materials should be addressed to lguidi@obs-vlfr, pp.776-2015

. Otus, Operational Taxonomic Units)) and its corresponding environmental matrix (s x p 785 (parameters)). sPLS results emphasize OTU(s) that are the most correlated to environmental 786 parameters. b, Depiction of a graph-based approach. Using only a relative abundance matrix (s x 787

. Otus, WGCNA builds a graph where nodes are OTUs and edges represent significant co- 788 occurrence. Co-occurrence scores between nodes are weights

. Pearson-cor, e-13 ). d, The viral PC subnetwork structures correlates to 856 carbon export, pp.1-200