J. O. Agbenin and T. Adeniyi, The microbial biomass properties of a savanna soil under improved grass and legume pastures in northern Nigeria, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.109, issue.3-4, pp.245-254, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2005.03.003

A. M. Rumpel, C. Knicker, H. Leifeld, J. Rasse, D. Péchot et al., 2010 : Thermal alteration of organic matter during shrubland fire: a field study, Org. Geochem, vol.41, pp.690-697

F. E. Allison, Soil organic matter and its role in crop production, 1973.

C. Ammann, C. R. Flechard, J. Leifeld, A. Neftel, and J. Fuhrer, The carbon budget of newly established temperate grassland depends on management intensity, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.121, issue.1-2, pp.5-20, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.002

D. A. Angers, L. M. Edwards, J. B. Sanderson, and N. Bissonnette, Soil organic matter quality and aggregate stability under eight potato cropping sequences in a fine sandy loam of Prince Edward Island, Canadian Journal of Soil Science, vol.79, issue.3, pp.411-417, 1999.
DOI : 10.4141/S98-033

R. D. Bardgett, D. A. Wardle, and G. W. Yeates, Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions: how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.30, issue.14, pp.1867-1878, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00069-8

L. W. Bell, B. Sparling, M. Tenuta, and M. H. Entz, Soil profile carbon and nutrient stocks under long-term conventional and organic crop and alfalfa-crop rotations and re-established grassland, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.158, pp.156-163, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.006

J. W. Beniston, S. T. Dupont, J. D. Glover, R. Lal, and J. A. Dungait, Soil organic carbon dynamics 75??years after land-use change in perennial grassland and annual wheat agricultural systems, Biogeochemistry, vol.69, issue.1-3, pp.37-49, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s10533-014-9980-3

I. Bertrand, B. Chabbert, B. Kurek, and S. Recous, Can the biochemical features and histology of wheat residues explain their decomposition in soil? Plant Soil, pp.291-307, 2006.

W. Bitterlich, M. Kaserer, C. Pottinger, H. P. Hofer, and A. Cernusca, Effect of land-use changes on soils along the Eastern Alpine transect Land-use Changes in European Mountain Ecosystems, Blackwell Science Ltd, pp.225-234, 1999.

R. Bol, W. Amelung, C. Friedrich, and N. Ostle, Tracing dung-derived carbon in temperate grassland using 13C natural abundance measurements, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.32, issue.10, pp.1337-1343, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00022-5

M. A. Bradford, A. D. Keiser, C. A. Davies, C. A. Mersmann, and M. S. Strickland, Empirical evidence that soil carbon formation from plant inputs is positively related to microbial growth, Biogeochemistry, vol.239, issue.1-3, pp.271-281, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10533-012-9822-0

K. Butterbach-bahl, P. Gundersen, P. Ambus, J. Augustin, C. Beier et al., Herbivore-induced changes in plant carbon allocation: assessment of below-ground C fluxes using carbon-14, Oecologia, vol.107, pp.87-94, 1996.

P. W. Hill, J. Farrar, P. Roberts, M. Farrell, H. Grant et al., Vascular plant success in a warming Antarctic may be due to efficient nitrogen acquisition, Nature Climate Change, vol.40, issue.1, pp.50-53, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nclimate1060

D. U. Hooper, I. Chapin, F. S. Ewel, J. J. Hector, A. Inchausti et al., EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: A CONSENSUS OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE, Ecological Monographs, vol.75, issue.1, pp.3-35, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/285824

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00188090

H. P. Jarvie, P. J. Withers, M. J. Bowe, E. J. Palmer-felgate, D. M. Harper et al., Streamwater phosphorus and nitrogen across a gradient in rural???agricultural land use intensity, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.135, issue.4, pp.238-52, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2009.10.002

S. C. Jarvis, E. A. Stockdale, M. A. Shephard, and D. S. Powloson, Nitrogen mineralisation in temperate agricultural soils: processes and measurement, Adv. Agron, vol.57, pp.188-237, 1996.

N. Jiao, D. A. Herndl, R. Benner, G. Kattner, S. W. Wilhelm et al., Microbial production of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter: long-term carbon storage in the global ocean, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.107, issue.8, pp.593-595, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nrmicro2386

E. G. Jobbagy and R. B. Jackson, THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON AND ITS RELATION TO CLIMATE AND VEGETATION, Ecological Applications, vol.10, issue.2, pp.423-436, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005345429236

D. W. Johnson, B. A. Hungate, P. Dijkstra, G. Hymus, C. R. Hinkle et al., ON NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION IN A FIRE-ADAPTED SCRUB OAK FOREST, Ecological Applications, vol.13, issue.5, pp.1388-1399, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00010791

P. Jouquet, E. Boquel, T. T. Doan, M. Rocoy, D. Orange et al., Do Compost and Vermicompost Improve Macronutrient Retention and Plant Growth in Degraded Tropical Soils?, Compost Science & Utilization, vol.63, issue.1, pp.15-24, 2011.
DOI : 10.1080/1065657X.2011.10736972

C. A. Kirkby, A. E. Richardson, L. J. Wade, J. B. Passioura, G. D. Batten et al., Nutrient availability limits carbon sequestration in arable soils, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.68, pp.402-409, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.032

K. Klumpp, J. Soussana, and R. Falcimagne, Effects of past and current disturbance on carbon cycling in grassland mesocosms, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.121, issue.1-2, pp.59-73, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.005

K. Klumpp, S. Fontaine, E. Attard, L. Roux, X. Gleixner et al., Grazing triggers soil carbon loss by altering plant roots and their control on soil microbial community, Journal of Ecology, vol.29, issue.5, pp.876-885, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00523770

K. Klumpp, S. Fontaine, E. Attard, G. Gleixner, X. Leroux et al., How land use change shifts C-poor, productive ecosystems to C-rich unproductive ecosystems and vice versa?, J. Ecol, vol.91, pp.867-885, 2009.

H. Knicker, Pyrogenic organic matter in soil: Its origin and occurrence, its chemistry and survival in soil environments, Quaternary International, vol.243, issue.2, pp.251-263, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.02.037

M. Kononova, Soil Organic Matter. 2-nd Ed, 1966.

C. Körner and E. M. Spehn, Mountain biodiversity: A global assessment, 2002.

Y. Kuzyakov, O. V. Biryukova, T. V. Kuznetzova, K. Molter, E. Kandeler et al., Carbon partitioning in plant and soil A link between plant diversity, elevated CO 2 and soil nitrate, Oecologia, vol.127, pp.540-548, 2001.

M. Nyborg, M. Molina-ayala, E. D. Solberg, E. C. Izaurralde, S. S. Malhi et al., Carbon storage in grassland soils as related to N and S fertilizers Management of CarbonSequestration in Soil, pp.421-432, 1997.

D. Nyfeler, O. Huguenin-elie, and M. Suter, Grass???legume mixtures can yield more nitrogen than legume pure stands due to mutual stimulation of nitrogen uptake from symbiotic and non-symbiotic sources, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.140, issue.1-2, pp.155-163, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2010.11.022

Y. Oelmann, A. Richter, C. Rosche, S. Rosenkrzna, V. M. Temperton et al., Does plant diversity influence phosphorus cycling in experimental grasslands?, Geoderma, vol.167, issue.168, pp.167-168, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.012

K. Paustian, O. Andren, M. Clarholm, A. Hansson, G. Johansson et al., Carbon and Nitrogen Budgets of Four Agro-Ecosystems With Annual and Perennial Crops, With and Without N Fertilization, The Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.27, issue.1, p.60, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2403568

A. J. Parsons, J. H. Thronley, P. C. Newton, S. Rasmussen, and J. S. Rowarth, Soil carbon dynamics: The effects of nitrogen input, intake demand and off-take by animals, Science of The Total Environment, vol.465, pp.205-215, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.019

E. Paterson and A. Sim, Rhizodeposition and C-partitioning of Lolium perenne in axenic culture affected by nitrogen supply and defoliation, Plant and Soil, vol.216, issue.1/2, pp.155-164, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004789407065

S. Pätzhold, M. Hejcman, J. Barej, and J. Schellberg, Soil phosphorus fractions after seven decades of fertilizer application in the Rengen Grassland Experiment, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol.126, issue.168, pp.910-920, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/jpln.201300152

G. Peres, D. Cluzeau, S. Menasseri, J. F. Soussanan, H. Bessler et al., Mechanisms linking plant community properties to soil aggregate stability in an experimental grassland plant diversity gradient, Plant and Soil, vol.84, issue.1-2, pp.285-299, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-013-1791-0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00943470

N. Ramankutty, A. T. Evan, C. Monfreda, and J. Foley, Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.17, issue.3, p.1003, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007GB002952

J. Rasmussen, K. Søegaard, and J. Eriksen, N2-fixation and residual N effect of four legume species and four companion grass species, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.36, issue.1, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2011.09.003

D. P. Rasse, C. Rumpel, and M. Dignac, Is soil carbon mostly root carbon? Mechanisms for a specific stabilisation, Plant and Soil, vol.74, issue.1-2, pp.341-356, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-004-0907-y

M. Redin, R. Guénon, S. Recous, R. Schmatz, L. Liberalesso-de-freitas et al., Carbon mineralization in soil of roots from twenty crop species, as affected by their chemical composition and botanical family, Plant and Soil, vol.1, issue.7, pp.205-214, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-013-2021-5

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01268544

A. E. Richardson, C. A. Kirkby, S. Banerjee, and J. A. Kirkegaard, The inorganic nutrient cost of building soil carbon. Carbon Management, pp.265-268, 2014.

R. Kunrath, T. De-berranger, C. Charrier, X. Gastal, F. De-faccio-carvalho et al., How much do sodbased rotations reduce nitrate leaching in a cereal cropping system? Agric. Water Management, pp.46-56, 2015.

A. Rodionov, W. Amelung, N. Peinemann, L. Haumaier, X. Zhang et al., Black carbon in grassland ecosystems of the world, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.17, issue.4, pp.301310-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GB003669

C. Rumpel, Does burning of harvesting residues increase the soil carbon storage ?¿La quema de residuos de cosecha aumenta el almacenaje de carbono en el suelo, J. Soil Sci Plant Nutri, vol.8, pp.44-51, 2008.

C. Rumpel, K. Eusterhues, and I. Kögel-knabner, Non-cellulosic neutral sugar contribution to mineral associated organic matter in top- and subsoil horizons of two acid forest soils, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.42, issue.2, pp.379-382, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.11.004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00450931

C. Rumpel, K. Baumann, L. Remusat, M. F. Dignac, P. Barré et al., Nanoscale evidence of contrasted processes for root-derived organic matter stabilization by mineral interactions depending on soil depth, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.85, pp.82-88, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.02.017

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01175892

M. Sanaullah, A. Chabbi, G. Lemaire, X. Charrier, and C. Rumpel, How does plant leaf senescence of grassland species influence decomposition kinetics and litter compounds dynamics?, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, vol.44, issue.2, pp.159-171, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10705-009-9323-2

M. Sanaullah, E. Blagodatskaya, A. Chabbi, C. Rumpel, and Y. Kuzyakov, Drought effects on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of grasses depend on plant community composition, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.48, issue.1, pp.38-44, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.004

M. Sanaullah, C. Rumpel, X. Charrier, and A. Chabbi, How does drought stress influence the decomposition of plant litter with contrasting quality in a grassland ecosystem? Plant Soil, pp.277-288, 2012.

J. P. Schimel, L. E. Jackson, and M. K. Firestone, Spatial and temporal effects on plant-microbial competition for inorganic nitrogen in a california annual grassland, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.21, issue.8, pp.1059-1066, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-0717(89)90044-8

M. E. Schipanski and L. E. Drinkwater, Nitrogen fixation in annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures across a fertility gradient, Plant and Soil, vol.41, issue.58, pp.1-13, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-012-1137-3

L. A. Schipper, M. B. Dodd, J. Pronger, P. L. Mudge, M. Upsdell et al., Decadal Changes in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen under a Range of Irrigation and Phosphorus Fertilizer Treatments, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.77, issue.1, pp.246-256, 2012.
DOI : 10.2136/sssaj2012.0126

N. Senapati, A. Chabbi, F. Gastal, P. Smith, N. Mascher et al., Net carbon storage measure in a mowed and grazed temperate sown grassland shows potential for carbon sequestration under grazed system. Carbon Management, pp.131-144, 2014.

A. N. Sharpley and S. J. Smith, Fractionation of inorganic and organic phosphorus in virgin and cultivated soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, vol.49, pp.1276-130, 1985.

A. N. Sharpley, S. C. Chapra, R. Wedepohl, J. T. Sims, T. C. Daniel et al., Managing Agricultural Phosphorus for Protection of Surface Waters: Issues and Options, Journal of Environment Quality, vol.23, issue.3, pp.437-451, 1994.
DOI : 10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300030006x

J. A. Shields and E. A. Paul, C-LABELLED PLANT MATERIAL UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS, Canadian Journal of Soil Science, vol.53, issue.3, pp.297-306, 1973.
DOI : 10.4141/cjss73-044

J. Six, H. Bossuyt, S. Degryze, and K. Denef, A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics, Soil and Tillage Research, vol.79, issue.1, pp.7-31, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.still.2004.03.008

J. F. Soussana and G. Lemaire, Coupling carbon and nitrogen cycles for environmentally sustainable intensification of grasslands and crop-livestock systems, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.190, pp.9-17, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.012

M. Steffens, A. Koelbl, K. U. Totsche, and I. Kögel-knabner, Grazing effects on soil chemical and physical properties in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China), Geoderma, vol.143, issue.1-2, pp.63-72, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.09.004

B. L. Turner, I. D. Mckelvie, and P. M. Haygarth, Characterisation of water-extractable soil organic phosphorus by phosphatase hydrolysis, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.34, issue.1, pp.27-35, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00144-4

G. E. Tsvetkova and G. I. Georgiev, Changes in Phosphate Fractions Extracted From Different Organs of Phosphorus Starved Nitrogen Fixing Pea Plants, Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol.101, issue.12, pp.2129-2140, 2007.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1003512519558

A. P. Whitmore, G. J. Kirk, and B. G. Rawling, Technologies for increasing carbon storage in soil to mitigate climate change. Soil Use Management, 2014.

A. Wilkinson, P. W. Hill, J. F. Farrar, D. L. Jones, and R. D. Bardgett, Rapid microbial uptake and mineralization of amino acids and peptides along a grassland productivity gradient, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.72, pp.73-85, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.026

V. Zeller, E. Kandeler, and V. Mair, N-dynamic in mountain grassland with different intensity of cultivation, Aust. J. Agric. Res, vol.48, pp.217-230, 1997.