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A. We, A. J. Kabla, R. Mège, and W. J. , Nelson and group members from the MBI and the IJM for helpful discussions We also thank M. Ashraf and S. Vaishnavi for the microfabrication and F. Deshayes for the gift of actin-GFP cell line. Financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n° 617233, the Human Frontier Science Program, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (REGENR ANR-11-BSV5-0021) and the Mechanobiology Institute are gratefully acknowledged