B. Abernethy, Dual-task methodology and motor skills research: some applications and methodological constraints, J. Hum. Mov. Stud, vol.14, pp.101-132, 1988.

G. Albouy, B. R. King, P. Maquet, and J. Doyon, Hippocampus and striatum: Dynamics and interaction during acquisition and sleep-related motor sequence memory consolidation, Hippocampus, vol.41, issue.Pt 1, pp.985-1004, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/hipo.22183

G. Albouy, V. Sterpenich, E. Balteau, G. Vandewalle, M. Desseilles et al., Both the Hippocampus and Striatum Are Involved in Consolidation of Motor Sequence Memory, Neuron, vol.58, issue.2, pp.261-272, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.02.008

G. Albouy, V. Sterpenich, G. Vandewalle, A. Darsaud, S. Gais et al., Neural correlates of performance variability during motor sequence acquisition, NeuroImage, vol.60, issue.1, pp.324-331, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.049

G. Albouy, V. Sterpenich, G. Vandewalle, A. Darsaud, S. Gais et al., Interaction between Hippocampal and Striatal Systems Predicts Subsequent Consolidation of Motor Sequence Memory, PLoS ONE, vol.103, issue.3, p.59490, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0059490.t003

M. Argyelan, M. Carbon, M. Niethammer, A. M. Ulug, H. U. Voss et al., Cerebellothalamocortical Connectivity Regulates Penetrance in Dystonia, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.31, pp.9740-9747, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2300-09.2009

S. Beck, E. Houdayer, S. P. Richardson, and M. Hallett, The role of inhibition from the left dorsal premotor cortex in right-sided focal hand dystonia, Brain Stimulation, vol.2, issue.4, pp.208-214, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brs.2009.03.004

S. Beck, S. P. Richardson, E. A. Shamim, N. Dang, M. Schubert et al., Short Intracortical and Surround Inhibition Are Selectively Reduced during Movement Initiation in Focal Hand Dystonia, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.41, pp.10363-10369, 2008.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3564-08.2008

A. Berardelli, J. C. Rothwell, M. Hallett, P. D. Thompson, M. Manfredi et al., The pathophysiology of primary dystonia, Brain, vol.121, issue.7, pp.1195-1212, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/121.7.1195

J. P. Bleton, M. Vidailhet, F. Bourdain, A. Ducorps, D. Schwartz et al., Somatosensory cortical remodelling after rehabilitation and clinical benefit of in writer's cramp, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.82, issue.5, pp.574-577, 2009.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.2009.192476

A. J. Blood, A. W. Flaherty, J. Choi, F. H. Hochberg, D. N. Greve et al., Basal ganglia activity remains elevated after movement in focal hand dystonia, Annals of Neurology, vol.20, issue.5, pp.744-748, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.20108

A. C. Bostan, R. P. Dum, and P. L. Strick, The basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.18, pp.8452-8456, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1000496107

A. C. Bostan, R. P. Dum, and P. L. Strick, Cerebellar networks with the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.17, issue.5, pp.241-254, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2013.03.003

D. Bueti, S. Lasaponara, M. Cercignani, and E. Macaluso, Learning about Time: Plastic Changes and Interindividual Brain Differences, Neuron, vol.75, issue.4, pp.725-737, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.07.019

R. G. Burciu, N. Fritsche, O. Granert, L. Schmitz, N. Spönemann et al., Brain Changes Associated with Postural Training in Patients with Cerebellar Degeneration: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.33, issue.10, pp.4594-46043381, 2013.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3381-12.2013

M. Carbon, M. Argyelan, M. F. Ghilardi, P. Mattis, V. Dhawan et al., Impaired sequence learning in dystonia mutation carriers: a genotypic effect, Brain, vol.134, issue.5, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awr060

M. Carbon, M. F. Ghilardi, M. Argyelan, V. Dhawan, S. B. Bressman et al., Increased cerebellar activation during sequence learning in DYT1 carriers: an equiperformance study, Brain, vol.131, issue.1, pp.146-154, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awm243

N. Censor, S. G. Horovitz, and L. G. Cohen, Interference with Existing Memories Alters Offline Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity, Neuron, vol.81, issue.1, pp.69-76, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.042

J. Chen, R. K. Olsen, A. R. Preston, G. H. Glover, and A. D. Wagner, Associative retrieval processes in the human medial temporal lobe: Hippocampal retrieval success and CA1 mismatch detection, Learning & Memory, vol.18, issue.8, pp.523-528, 2011.
DOI : 10.1101/lm.2135211

D. Coynel, G. Marrelec, V. Perlbarg, M. Pélégrini-issac, P. Van-de-moortele et al., Dynamics of motor-related functional integration during motor sequence learning, NeuroImage, vol.49, issue.1, pp.759-766, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.048

E. Dayan and L. G. Cohen, Neuroplasticity Subserving Motor Skill Learning, Neuron, vol.72, issue.3, pp.443-454, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.10.008

K. Debas, J. Carrier, M. Barakat, G. Marrelec, P. Bellec et al., Off-line consolidation of motor sequence learning results in greater integration within a cortico-striatal functional network, NeuroImage, vol.99, pp.50-58, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.022

K. Debas, J. Carrier, P. Orban, M. Barakat, O. Lungu et al., Brain plasticity related to the consolidation of motor sequence learning and motor adaptation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.41, pp.17839-17844, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1013176107

C. Delmaire, A. Krainik, S. Tézenas-du-montcel, E. Gerardin, S. Meunier et al., Disorganized somatotopy in the putamen of patients with focal hand dystonia, Neurology, vol.64, issue.8, pp.1391-1396, 2005.
DOI : 10.1212/01.WNL.0000158424.01299.76
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00272270

C. Delmaire, M. Vidailhet, D. Wassermann, M. Descoteaux, R. Valabregue et al., Diffusion abnormalities in the primary sensorimotor pathways in writer3s cramp, Arch. Neurol, vol.66, issue.4, pp.502-508, 2009.

K. C. Dickerson, J. Li, and M. R. Delgado, Parallel contributions of distinct human memory systems during probabilistic learning, NeuroImage, vol.55, issue.1, pp.266-276, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.080

R. Dolberg, L. B. Hinkley, S. Honma, Z. Zhu, A. M. Findlay et al., Amplitude and timing of somatosensory cortex activity in task-specific focal hand dystonia, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.122, issue.12, pp.2441-2451, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.05.020

G. Douaud, T. E. Behrens, C. Poupon, Y. Cointepas, S. Jbabdi et al., In vivo evidence for the selective subcortical degeneration in Huntington's disease, NeuroImage, vol.46, issue.4, pp.958-966, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.044

J. Doyon, P. Bellec, R. Amsel, V. Penhune, O. Monchi et al., Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.199, issue.1, pp.61-75, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.012

C. Gallea, Increased cortico-striatal connectivity during motor practice contributes to the consolidation of motor memory in writer's cramp patients, NeuroImage: Clinical, vol.8, pp.180-192, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.04.013

M. Fiorio, M. Tinazzi, L. Bertolasi, and S. M. Aglioti, Temporal processing of visuotactile and tactile stimuli in writer's cramp, Annals of Neurology, vol.405, issue.5, pp.630-635, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.10525

M. Fiorio, D. Weise, C. Önal-hartmann, D. Zeller, M. Tinazzi et al., Impairment of the rubber hand illusion in focal hand dystonia, Brain, vol.134, issue.5, pp.1428-1437, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awr026

A. Floyer-lea and P. M. Matthews, Changing Brain Networks for Visuomotor Control With Increased Movement Automaticity, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.92, issue.4, pp.2405-2412, 2004.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.01092.2003

K. J. Friston, C. Buechel, G. R. Fink, J. Morris, E. Rolls et al., Psychophysiological and Modulatory Interactions in Neuroimaging, NeuroImage, vol.6, issue.3, pp.218-229, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.1997.0291

F. Gheysen, F. Van-opstal, C. Roggeman, H. Van-waelvelde, and W. Fias, Hippocampal contribution to early and later stages of implicit motor sequence learning, Experimental Brain Research, vol.175, issue.4, pp.795-807, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-010-2186-6

M. Ghilardi, M. Carbon, G. Silvestri, V. Dhawan, M. Tagliati et al., Impaired sequence learning in carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation, Annals of Neurology, vol.17, issue.1, pp.102-109, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.10610

A. Grecucci, D. Soto, R. I. Rumiati, G. W. Humphreys, and P. Rotshtein, The Interrelations between Verbal Working Memory and Visual Selection of Emotional Faces, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.6, 2010.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.1995.1023

M. Hallett, Pathophysiology of writer3s cramp, Hum. Mov. Sci, vol.2545, pp.454-463, 2006.

E. Hazeltine, D. Teague, and R. B. Ivry, Simultaneous dual-task performance reveals parallel response selection after practice., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol.28, issue.3, pp.527-545, 2002.
DOI : 10.1037/0096-1523.28.3.527

E. Hoshi, L. Tremblay, J. Féger, P. L. Carras, and P. L. Strick, The cerebellum communicates with the basal ganglia, Nature Neuroscience, vol.15, issue.11, pp.1491-1493, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00153-7

C. Hubsch, E. Roze, T. Popa, M. Russo, A. Balachandran et al., Defective cerebellar control of cortical plasticity in writer's cramp, Brain, vol.136, issue.7, pp.2050-2062, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awt147

V. Ibáñez, N. Sadato, B. Karp, M. P. Deiber, and M. Hallett, Deficient activation of the motor cortical network in patients with writer's cramp, Neurology, vol.53, issue.1, pp.96-105, 1999.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.53.1.96

T. Islam, A. Kupsch, H. Bruhn, C. Scheurig, S. Schmidt et al., Decreased bilateral cortical representation patterns in writer???s cramp: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study at 3.0??T, Neurological Sciences, vol.355, issue.19, pp.219-226, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10072-009-0045-7

S. Jin, P. Lin, S. Auh, and M. Hallett, Abnormal functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia: Mutual information analysis in EEG, Movement Disorders, vol.21, issue.7, pp.1274-1281, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.23675

S. Jin, P. Lin, and M. Hallett, Abnormal reorganization of functional cortical smallworld networks in focal hand dystonia, PLOS ONE, vol.6, issue.12, 2011.

E. C. Kal, J. Van-der-kamp, and H. Houdijk, External attentional focus enhances movement automatization: A comprehensive test of the constrained action hypothesis, Human Movement Science, vol.32, issue.4, pp.527-539, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.humov.2013.04.001

A. Karni, G. Meyer, C. Rey-hipolito, P. Jezzard, M. M. Adams et al., The acquisition of skilled motor performance: Fast and slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.95, issue.3, pp.861-868, 1998.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.3.861

J. Kershaw, C. Leuze, I. Aoki, T. Obata, I. Kanno et al., Systematic changes to the apparent diffusion tensor of in vivo rat brain measured with an oscillating-gradient spin-echo sequence, NeuroImage, vol.70, pp.10-20, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.036

A. Kishore, T. Popa, A. Balachandran, S. Chandran, S. Pradeep et al., Cerebellar Sensory Processing Alterations Impact Motor Cortical Plasticity in Parkinson's Disease: Clues from Dyskinetic Patients, Cerebral Cortex, vol.24, issue.8, pp.2055-2067, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/bht058

M. Korman, N. Raz, T. Flash, and A. Karni, Multiple shifts in the representation of a motor sequence during the acquisition of skilled performance, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.21, pp.12492-12497, 2003.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.2035019100

R. Laforce and J. Doyon, Differential role for the striatum and cerebellum in response to novel movements using a motor learning paradigm, Neuropsychologia, vol.40, issue.5, pp.512-517, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00128-2

S. Lehéricy, H. Benali, P. Van-de-moortele, M. Pélégrini-issac, T. Waechter et al., Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.102, issue.35, pp.12566-12571, 2005.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0502762102

S. Lehéricy, M. A. Tijssen, M. Vidailhet, R. Kaji, and S. Meunier, The anatomical basis of dystonia: Current view using neuroimaging, Movement Disorders, vol.57, issue.Pt 3, pp.944-957, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.25527

A. T. Mattfeld and C. E. Stark, Striatal and Medial Temporal Lobe Functional Interactions during Visuomotor Associative Learning, Cerebral Cortex, vol.21, issue.3, pp.647-658, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/bhq144

S. Meunier, L. Garnero, A. Ducorps, L. Mazières, S. Lehéricy et al., Human brain mapping in dystonia reveals both endophenotypic traits and adaptive reorganization, Annals of Neurology, vol.97, issue.4, pp.521-527, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.1234
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00179634

J. W. Mink, THE BASAL GANGLIA: FOCUSED SELECTION AND INHIBITION OF COMPETING MOTOR PROGRAMS, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.50, issue.4, pp.381-425, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00042-1

F. M. Molloy, T. D. Carr, K. E. Zeuner, J. M. Dambrosia, and M. Hallett, Abnormalities of spatial discrimination in focal and generalized dystonia, Brain, vol.126, issue.10, pp.2175-2182, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awg219

R. D. Moore, C. Gallea, S. G. Horovitz, and M. Hallett, Individuated finger control in focal hand dystonia: An fMRI study, NeuroImage, vol.61, issue.4, pp.823-831, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.066

W. Muellbacher, U. Ziemann, J. Wissel, N. Dang, M. Kofler et al., Early consolidation in human primary motor cortex, Nature, vol.415, issue.6872, pp.640-644, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nature712

A. J. Nelson, D. T. Blake, and R. Chen, Digit-specific aberrations in the primary somatosensory cortex in Writer's cramp, Annals of Neurology, vol.130, issue.pt 2, pp.146-154, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.21626

V. K. Neychev, R. E. Gross, S. Lehéricy, E. J. Hess, and H. A. Jinnah, The functional neuroanatomy of dystonia, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.42, issue.2, pp.185-201, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.026

T. Oga, M. Honda, K. Toma, N. Murase, T. Okada et al., Abnormal cortical mechanisms of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with writer's cramp: an fMRI study, Brain, vol.125, issue.4, pp.895-903, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awf083

S. Palminteri, M. Lebreton, Y. Worbe, A. Hartmann, S. Lehéricy et al., Dopamine-dependent reinforcement of motor skill learning: evidence from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Brain, vol.134, issue.8, pp.2287-2301, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awr147

M. Peller, K. E. Zeuner, A. Munchau, A. Quartarone, M. Weiss et al., The basal ganglia are hyperactive during the discrimination of tactile stimuli in writer's cramp, Brain, vol.129, issue.10, pp.2697-2708, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awl181

T. Popa, M. Russo, M. Vidailhet, E. Roze, S. Lehéricy et al., Cerebellar rTMS stimulation may induce prolonged clinical benefits in essential tremor, and subjacent changes in functional connectivity: An open label trial, Brain Stimulation, vol.6, issue.2, pp.175-179, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brs.2012.04.009

T. Popa, B. Velayudhan, C. Hubsch, S. Pradeep, E. Roze et al., Cerebellar Processing of Sensory Inputs Primes Motor Cortex Plasticity, Cerebral Cortex, vol.23, issue.2, pp.305-314, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/bhs016

A. Quartarone, S. Bagnato, V. Rizzo, H. R. Siebner, V. Dattola et al., Abnormal associative plasticity of the human motor cortex in writer's cramp, Brain, vol.126, issue.12, pp.2586-2596, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awg273

A. Quartarone and M. Hallett, Emerging concepts in the physiological basis of dystonia, Movement Disorders, vol.121, issue.Pt 8, pp.958-967, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.25532

M. Regensburger, Z. Kohl, K. Grundmann, B. Winner, O. Riess et al., Adult neural precursor cells unaffected in animal models of DYT1 dystonia, NeuroReport, vol.20, issue.17, pp.1529-1533, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328331c761

J. C. Rothwell and Y. Huang, Systems-level studies of movement disorders in dystonia and Parkinson???s disease, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.13, issue.6, pp.691-695, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conb.2003.10.006

E. Roze, A. Soumaré, I. Pironneau, S. Sangla, V. C. De-cock et al., Case-control study of writer's cramp, Brain, vol.132, issue.3, pp.756-764, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awn363

T. D. Sanger, D. Tarsy, and A. Pascual-leone, Abnormalities of spatial and temporal sensory discrimination in writer3s cramp, 1b94::AID-MDS1020N3.0.CO, pp.94-991531, 2001.

H. E. Schendan, M. M. Searl, R. J. Melrose, and C. E. Stern, An fMRI Study of the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobe in Implicit and Explicit Sequence Learning, Neuron, vol.37, issue.6, pp.1013-1025, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00123-5

M. Tinazzi, M. Fiorio, A. Fiaschi, J. C. Rothwell, and K. P. Bhatia, Sensory functions in dystonia: Insights from behavioral studies, Movement Disorders, vol.21, issue.8, pp.1427-1436, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.22490

I. Toni, M. Krams, R. Turner, and R. E. Passingham, The Time Course of Changes during Motor Sequence Learning: A Whole-Brain fMRI Study, NeuroImage, vol.8, issue.1, pp.50-61, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.1998.0349

J. Tournier, F. Calamante, and A. Connelly, Robust determination of the fibre orientation distribution in diffusion MRI: Non-negativity constrained super-resolved spherical deconvolution, NeuroImage, vol.35, issue.4, pp.1459-1472, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.016

L. G. Ungerleider, J. Doyon, and A. Karni, Imaging Brain Plasticity during Motor Skill Learning, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, vol.78, issue.3, pp.553-564, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/nlme.2002.4091

J. L. Vitek, V. Chockkan, J. Y. Zhang, Y. Kaneoke, M. Evatt et al., Neuronal activity in the basal ganglia in patients with generalized dystonia and hemiballismus, :AID-ANA6N3.0. CO, pp.22-351531, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/1531-8249(199907)46:1<22::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-Z

G. P. Winston, J. Stretton, M. K. Sidhu, M. R. Symms, P. J. Thompson et al., Structural correlates of impaired working memory in hippocampal sclerosis, Epilepsia, vol.82, issue.5, pp.1143-1153, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/epi.12193

D. M. Wolpert, J. Diedrichsen, and J. R. Flanagan, Principles of sensorimotor learning, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.12, issue.12, pp.739-751, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn3112

C. C. Wu, S. L. Fairhall, N. A. Mcnair, J. P. Hamm, I. J. Kirk et al., Impaired sensorimotor integration in focal hand dystonia patients in the absence of symptoms, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.81, issue.6, pp.659-665, 2010.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.2009.185637

T. Wu and M. Hallett, Neural correlates of dual task performance in patients with Parkinson's disease, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.79, issue.7, pp.760-766, 2008.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.2007.126599

F. Yokoi, M. T. Dang, C. A. Miller, A. G. Marshall, S. L. Campbell et al., Increased c-fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala and enhancement of cued fear memory in Dyt1 ??GAG knock-in mice, Neuroscience Research, vol.65, issue.3, pp.228-235, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neures.2009.07.004

R. J. Zatorre, R. D. Fields, and H. Johansen-berg, Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning, Nature Neuroscience, vol.23, issue.4, pp.528-536, 2012.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5118-08.2009