Objectives: In a context marked by major changes in the field of HIV and in the general socioeconomic context, this study aimed at investigating changes in the employment situation of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in France since the early 2000s. Design: Repeated cross-sectional survey among two nationally representative samples of PLWHIV followed at hospital in France in 2003 (N=2,932) and 2011 (N=3,022). Methods: Differences between 2003 and 2011 in 1) rates of employment, unemployment and inactivity and 2) rates of work cessation and access to work following HIV diagnosis were measured using two-step multivariate Poisson regression models adjusted for individual socio-demographic determinants of position on the labor market, and then additionally for health status characteristics. Results: Overall, among working-age PLWHIV 60.9% in 2003 and 59.6% in 2011 were employed; 12.6% and 15.8%, respectively, were unemployed; and 26.5% and 24.6%, respectively, were inactive. Adjusting for socio-demographic determinants of position on the labor market, while employment rate was not different in 2011 compared to 2003, inactivity rate significantly decreased (adjusted Prevalence Rate Ratio: 0.83, 95% Confidence Interval: [0.72-0.96]) and unemployment rate significantly increased (1.28 [1.04-1.57]). After additional adjustment for health status characteristics, the difference was no longer significant for inactivity (0.89 [0.77-1.03]) but remained significant for unemployment (1.55 [1.24-1.93]). Compared to 2003, in 2011 transitions to unemployment following HIV diagnosis tended to be more frequent (1.58 [0.92-2.68]) and access to work was significantly less frequent (0.57 [0.33-0.99]). Conclusions: Improvements in HIV care have not translated into improvements in PLWHIV’s situation regarding employment.