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                <title xml:lang="en">Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography for cardiac output in critically ill patients: A pilot study of ultrasound versus the thermodilution method</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Intérêt de l’échocardiographie trans-œsophagienne tridimensionnelle pour évaluer le débit cardiaque chez les patients admis en réanimation : étude pilote</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Intensive care unit</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Ultrasound</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Cardiac output</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">TOE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Ultrasons</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Débit cardiaque</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Réanimation</term>
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              <p>BackgroundThree-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D-TOE) is a new noninvasive tool for quantitative assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction.AimThe objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of 3D-TOE for the estimation of cardiac output (CO), using transpulmonary thermodilution with the Pulse index Contour Continuous Cardiac Output (PiCCO) system as the reference method, in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.MethodsFifteen ICU patients on mechanical ventilation prospectively underwent PiCCO catheter implantation and 3D-TOE. 3D-TOE LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were determined using semi-automated software. CO was calculated as the product of LV stroke volume (end-diastolic volume − end-systolic volume) multiplied by heart rate. CO was also determined invasively by transpulmonary thermodilution as the reference method.ResultsAmong 30 haemodynamic evaluations, 29 (97%) LV 3D-TOE datasets were suitable for CO calculation. The mean 3D-TOE image acquisition and post-processing times were 46 and 155 seconds, respectively. There was a correlation (r = 0.78; P &lt; 0.0001) between PiCCO and 3D-TOE CO. Compared with PiCCO, the 3D-TOE CO mean bias was 0.38 L/min, with limits of agreement of −1.97 to 2.74 L/min.ConclusionsNoninvasive estimation of CO by 3D-TOE is feasible in ICU patients. This new semi-automated modality is an additional promising tool for noninvasive haemodynamic assessment of ICU patients. However, the wide limits of agreement with thermodilution observed in this pilot study require further investigation in larger cohorts of patients.</p>
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              <p>ContexteL’échocardiographie trans-œsophagienne tridimensionelle (ETO-3D) est une nouvelle modalité non invasive d’évaluation des volumes et de la fraction d’éjection du ventricule gauche (VG).ObjectifÉvaluer la faisabilité et la performance de l’ETO-3D comparativement à la thermodilution transpulmonaire par méthode PiCCO pour la mesure du débit cardiaque (DC).MéthodesDans cette étude pilote, 15 patients sous ventilation mécanique admis en réanimation et bénéficiant d’un monitorage hémodynamique invasif par le système PiCCO ont été prospectivement évalués par ETO-3D. Les volumes télé-diastolique et télé-systolique du VG ont été mesurés en utilisant un logiciel semi-automatique spécifique. Le DC a ensuite été calculé en multipliant le volume d’éjection systolique du VG (volume télé-diastolique − volume télé-systolique) par la fréquence cardiaque. Le DC a également été mesuré de façon invasive par thermodilution transpulmonaire.RésultatsParmi les 30 évaluations hémodynamiques effectuées, 29 (97 %) acquisitions ETO-3D étaient exploitables. Les temps moyens nécessaires pour l’acquisition et l’analyse des données ETO-3D étaient respectivement de 46 et 155 secondes. Les mesures de DC effectuées par ETO-3D et par méthode invasive étaient corrélées (r = 0,78 ; p &lt; 0,0001). Le biais moyen entre les 2 méthodes de mesure était de 0,38 L/min, les limites d’agrément étaient de −1,97 à 2,74 L/min.ConclusionsL’évaluation non invasive du DC par ETO-3D est faisable. Cette nouvelle modalité ultrasonore est un outil prometteur pour l’évaluation hémodynamique des patients admis en réanimation. Les limites d’agrément relativement larges observées dans cette étude pilote comparativement à la theromdilution nécessitent toutefois d’être évaluer sur de plus larges populations de patients.</p>
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