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                <term xml:lang="en">Targets</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Treg</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Innovation</term>
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              <p>Allergic diseases are a major public health problem today due to the constant increase in their prevalence in industrialized countries. The absence of effective curative treatment coupled with the increased risk of anaphylactic shock following renewed allergen exposure could result in a resurgence of hospitalizations and medical interventions, especially for food allergies. The development of new therapies to prevent and treat food allergies thus appears to be a pressing need. The extensive and growing knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of allergic reactions have opened up new therapeutic perspectives. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a perfect example. A quantitative and/or qualitative deficit of these cells was observed in allergic patients, which may partly explain their allergen hypersensitivity. Thus, the strategy to recruit and activate Tregs in vivo offers a new therapeutic path. In this context, interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a promising candidate having immunosuppressive properties when used in low-doses. The clinical results obtained recently in the context of autoimmune diseases and the associated safety profile suggests the need for its evaluation in humans for other immune dysfunctions, including food allergy. Through a literature review detailing the pathophysiological bases of food allergy, as well as currently available and future therapies, we show therapeutic value of the use of low-dose IL-2 with particular emphasis on proof of concepts and the different clinical trials to date.</p>
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              <p>Les pathologies allergiques constituent un problème de santé publique actuel majeur en raison d’une constante augmentation de leur prévalence dans les pays industrialisés. L’absence de traitement curatif efficace et le risque accru de choc anaphylactique suite à une nouvelle exposition à l’allergène font craindre une recrudescence des cas d’hospitalisation et des interventions médicales, en particulier pour les allergies alimentaires. Le développement de nouvelles thérapies permettant de prévenir et traiter les allergies alimentaires apparaît donc comme une réelle nécessité. La connaissance approfondie et grandissante des mécanismes physiopathologique des réactions allergiques permet d’offrir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques. Les lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg) constituent un parfait exemple. Un déficit quantitatif et/ou qualitatif de ces cellules a été observé chez les patients allergiques, pouvant expliquer en partie cette hypersensibilité aux allergènes. Ainsi, la stratégie consistant à recruter et activer in vivo des cellules aux fonctions suppressives offre une nouvelle piste thérapeutique. Dans cette optique, l’interleukine 2 (IL-2) est un candidat de choix puisque présentant des propriétés immunosuppressives lorsqu’elle est utilisée à faible dose. Les résultats cliniques obtenus récemment dans le cadre des maladies auto-immunes ainsi que le profil de sécurité associé motivent son évaluation chez l’homme pour d’autres dysfonctionnements immunitaires, y compris l’allergie alimentaire. Au travers d’une revue de la littérature détaillant les principaux problèmes médico-épidémiologiques, les bases physiopathologiques de l’allergie alimentaire et les thérapies disponibles et à venir, nous détaillons l’intérêt de l’utilisation de faibles doses d’IL-2 en thérapie en exposant notamment les preuves de concepts et les différents essais cliniques réalisés à ce jour.</p>
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