M. D. Abràmoff, P. J. Magalhães, and S. J. Ram, Image processing with imageJ, Biophotonics Int, vol.11, pp.36-41, 2004.

M. J. Angilletta and A. E. Dunham, The Temperature???Size Rule in Ectotherms: Simple Evolutionary Explanations May Not Be General, The American Naturalist, vol.162, issue.3, pp.332-342, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/377187

M. B. Araujo and W. R. Tschinkel, Worker allometry in relation to colony size and social form in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, J Insect Sci, vol.10, pp.1-12, 2010.

D. Atkinson, Temperature and Organism Size???A Biological Law for Ectotherms?, Adv Ecol Res, vol.25, pp.1-58, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3

D. Atkinson and R. M. Sibly, Why are organisms usually bigger in colder environments? Making sense of a life history puzzle, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.12, issue.6, pp.235-239, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01058-6

A. Bourke and N. Franks, Social evolution in ants, 1995.

M. A. Bragança, A. J. Tonhasca, and D. D. Moreira, Parasitism characteristics of two phorid fly species in relation to their host, the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Neotropical Entomology, vol.31, issue.2, pp.241-244, 2002.
DOI : 10.1590/S1519-566X2002000200010

D. L. Cassill and W. R. Tschinkel, Task selection by workers of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol.45, issue.3-4, pp.301-310, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002650050565

D. L. Cassill and W. R. Tschinkel, Behavioral and developmental homeostasis in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol.46, issue.6, pp.933-939, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00200-0

R. F. Chapman, The insects: structure and function, 1998.

S. L. Chown and K. J. Gaston, Body size variation in insects: a macroecological perspective, Biological Reviews, vol.22, issue.15, pp.139-169, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00097.x

J. Clémencet and C. Doums, Habitat-related microgeographic variation of worker size and colony size in the ant Cataglyphis cursor, Oecologia, vol.28, issue.2, pp.211-218, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-006-0646-2

E. P. Dahlhoff and N. E. Rank, The role of stress proteins in responses of a montane willow leaf beetle to environmental temperature variation, Journal of Biosciences, vol.47, issue.3, pp.477-488, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s12038-007-0047-7

S. V. Dongen, Fluctuating asymmetry and developmental instability in evolutionary biology: past, present and future, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol.265, issue.6, pp.1727-1743, 2006.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00359.x

G. W. Elmes and J. C. Wardlaw, Comparaison de l'effet de la temp??rature sur le d??veloppement des grandes larves ayant hivern?? chez les esp??ces deMyrmica (Hym. Formicidae), Insectes Sociaux, vol.18, issue.1, pp.106-118, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02225661

S. Foitzik and J. Heinze, Microgeographic genetic structure and intraspecific parasitism in the ant Leptothorax nylanderi, Ecological Entomology, vol.15, issue.5, pp.449-456, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s000400050031

J. Heinze, S. Foitzik, B. Fischer, T. Wanke, and V. E. Kipyatkov, The significance of latitudinal variation in body size in a holarctic ant, Leptohtorax acervorum, Ecography, vol.3, pp.349-355, 2003.

P. W. Hochachka and G. N. Somero, Biochemical adaptation: mechanisms and process in physiological evolution, 2002.
DOI : 10.1515/9781400855414

A. A. Hoffmann, J. G. Sørensen, and V. Loeschcke, Adaptation of Drosophila to temperature extremes: bringing together quantitative and molecular approaches, Journal of Thermal Biology, vol.28, issue.3, pp.175-216, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4565(02)00057-8

B. Hölldobler and E. O. Wilson, The Ants, 1990.

M. H. Huang, D. E. Wheeler, and E. J. Fjerdingstad, Mating system evolution and worker caste diversity in Pheidole ants, Mol Ecol, vol.22, 1998.

W. O. Hughes, S. Sumner, S. Van-borm, and J. J. Boomsma, Worker caste polymorphism has a genetic basis in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.48, issue.3, pp.9394-9397, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00114-002-0299-x

J. C. Jones and B. P. Oldroyd, Nest Thermoregulation in Social Insects, Adv In Insect Phys, vol.33, pp.153-191, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2806(06)33003-2

S. Kadochová and J. Frouz, Thermoregulation strategies in ants in comparison to other social insects, with a focus on red wood ants (Formica rufa??group), F1000Research, 2013.
DOI : 10.12688/f1000research.2-280.v2

G. Kalinkat, M. Jochum, U. Brose, and A. I. Dell, Body size and the behavioral ecology of insects: linking individuals to ecological communities, Current Opinion in Insect Science, vol.9, pp.24-30, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cois.2015.04.017

V. Kipyatkov, E. Lopatina, and A. Imamgaliev, Duration and thermal reaction norms of development are significantly different in winter and summer brood pupae of the ants Myrmica rubra Linnaeus, 1758 and M. ruginodis Nylander, Hymenoptera: Formicidae), p.1846, 2005.

C. J. Klok and J. F. Harrison, The Temperature Size Rule in Arthropods: Independent of Macro-Environmental Variables but Size Dependent, Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol.53, issue.4, pp.557-570, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/icb/ict075

W. J. Knee and J. T. Medler, Abstract, The Canadian Entomologist, vol.21, issue.11, pp.1149-1155, 1965.
DOI : 10.2307/1959

K. P. Lee, T. Jang, N. Ravzanaadii, and M. S. Rho, Macronutrient Balance Modulates the Temperature-Size Rule in an Ectotherm, The American Naturalist, vol.186, issue.2, pp.212-222, 2015.
DOI : 10.1086/682072

T. Linksvayer, DIRECT, MATERNAL, AND SIBSOCIAL GENETIC EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUAL AND COLONY TRAITS IN AN ANT, Evolution, vol.11, issue.12, pp.2552-2561, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01233-0

T. A. Linksvayer, Ant Species Differences Determined by Epistasis between Brood and Worker Genomes, PLoS ONE, vol.51, issue.10, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0000994.g002
URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000994

T. A. Linksvayer, O. Kaftanoglu, E. Akyol, S. Blatch, G. V. Amdam et al., Larval and nurse worker control of developmental plasticity and the evolution of honey bee queen-worker dimorphism, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol.10, issue.9, 1939.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02331.x

T. Linksvayer and M. Janssen, Traits underlying the capacity of ant colonies to adapt to disturbance and stress regimes, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, vol.89, issue.1, pp.315-329, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/sres.928

S. Londe, M. Molet, B. L. Fisher, and T. Monnin, Reproductive and aggressive behaviours of queen???worker intercastes in the ant Mystrium rogeri and caste evolution, Animal Behaviour, vol.120, pp.67-76, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.026

E. Jongepier and S. Foitzik, Fitness costs of worker specialization for ant societies, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.65, issue.1822, p.283, 2016.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1213767109

K. Mcguiguan, N. Nishimura, M. Currey, D. Hurwit, and W. A. Cresko, CRYPTIC GENETIC VARIATION AND BODY SIZE EVOLUTION IN THREESPINE STICKLEBACK, Evolution, vol.61, issue.4, pp.1203-1211, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01195.x

E. J. Middleton and T. Latty, Resilience in social insect infrastructure systems, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.48, issue.116, 2016.
DOI : 10.1038/464984a

S. Mitrus, Cost to the cavity-nest ant Temnothorax crassispinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of overwintering aboveground, European Journal of Entomology, vol.110, issue.1, pp.177-179, 2013.
DOI : 10.14411/eje.2013.026

A. P. Modlmeier and S. Foitzik, Productivity increases with variation in aggression among group members in Temnothorax ants, Behavioral Ecology, vol.22, issue.5, pp.1026-1032, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/beheco/arr086

A. P. Modlmeier, S. Foitzik, and I. Scharf, depends on group size, body size and access to larvae, Physiological Entomology, vol.308, issue.1, pp.89-94, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/phen.12007

M. Molet, D. E. Wheeler, and C. Peeters, Evolution of Novel Mosaic Castes in Ants: Modularity, Phenotypic Plasticity, and Colonial Buffering, The American Naturalist, vol.180, issue.3, pp.328-341, 2012.
DOI : 10.1086/667368

A. C. Niehaus, M. J. Angilletta, M. W. Sears, C. E. Franklin, and R. S. Wilson, Predicting the physiological performance of ectotherms in fluctuating thermal environments, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.215, issue.4, pp.694-701, 2012.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.058032

E. Nowbahari, R. Fénéron, and M. Malherbe, Effect of body size on aggression in the ant,Cataglyphis niger (Hymenoptera; Formicidae), Aggressive Behavior, vol.32, issue.5, pp.369-379, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1999)25:5<369::AID-AB5>3.0.CO;2-C

Y. Okada, L. Plateaux, and C. Peeters, Morphological variability of intercastes in the ant Temnothorax nylanderi: pattern of trait expression and modularity, Insectes Sociaux, vol.60, issue.3, pp.319-328, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00040-013-0296-4

T. Parmentier, W. Dekoninck, and T. Wenseleers, Context-dependent specialization in colony defence in the red wood ant Formica rufa, Animal Behaviour, vol.103, pp.161-167, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.023

L. Partridge, B. Barrie, K. Fowler, and V. French, Evolution and Development of Body Size and Cell Size in Drosophila melanogaster in Response to Temperature, Evolution, vol.48, issue.4, pp.1269-1276, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/2410384

J. Peat, J. Tucker, and D. Goulson, Does intraspecific size variation in bumblebees allow colonies to efficiently exploit different flowers?, Ecological Entomology, vol.59, issue.2, pp.176-181, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00040-002-8293-z

V. Peric-mataruga, V. Nenadovic, and J. Ivanovic, Neurohormones in insect stress: A review, Archives of Biological Sciences, vol.58, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2006.
DOI : 10.2298/ABS0601006P
URL : https://doaj.org/article/83f208340f374bf885edc9d5a164d7b1

S. T. Pickett, M. L. Cadenasso, J. M. Grove, C. H. Nilon, R. V. Pouyat et al., Urban Ecological Systems: Linking Terrestrial Ecological, Physical, and Socioeconomic Components of Metropolitan Areas, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.32, issue.1, pp.127-157, 2001.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114012

J. Pinheiro, D. Bates, S. Debroy, D. Sarkar, and R. C. Team, Nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R Packag version, pp.31-128, 2016.

J. C. Pinheiro and D. M. Bates, Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS, Statistics and computing, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-0318-1

S. D. Porter, Impact of temperature on colony growth and developmental rates of the ant, Solenopsis invicta, Journal of Insect Physiology, vol.34, issue.12, pp.1127-1133, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1910(88)90215-6

J. Purcell, T. Brütsch, and M. Chapuisat, Effects of the social environment on the survival and fungal resistance of ant brood, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol.13, issue.10, pp.467-474, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00265-011-1293-0

J. Purcell, D. Pirogan, A. Avril, F. Bouyarden, and M. Chapuisat, Environmental influence on the phenotype of ant workers revealed by common garden experiment, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol.138, issue.3, pp.357-367, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00265-015-2055-1

D. E. Wheeler, Developmental and Physiological Determinants of Caste in Social Hymenoptera: Evolutionary Implications, The American Naturalist, vol.128, issue.1, pp.13-34, 1986.
DOI : 10.1086/284536

H. Wickham, Ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis, 2009.

L. A. Wood and W. R. Tschinkel, Quantifizeirung und Ver??nderung der Gr??sse der Arbeiter in der Ameisenspezies Solenopsis invicta, Insectes Sociaux, vol.102, issue.2, pp.117-128, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02223700