J. M. Albandar, Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Periodontal Diseases, Dental Clinics of North America, vol.49, issue.3, pp.517-532, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cden.2005.03.003

A. Aminoshariae, A. Aminoshariae, M. Valiathan, and J. C. Kulild, Association of genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption, The Angle Orthodontist, vol.86, issue.6, pp.1042-1049, 2016.
DOI : 10.2319/011916-50.1

J. Bhuvaneswarri, B. Gita, and S. C. Chandrasekaran, Detection Of Rankl Positive Cells in Gingival Tissue in Healthy & Chronic Periodontal Disease Patients -A Comparative Study, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, vol.89876, pp.31-345125, 2014.
DOI : 10.7860/JCDR/2014/9876.5125

E. Bimstein, J. Lustmann, M. N. Sela, Z. B. Neriah, and W. A. Soskolne, Periodontitis Associated With Papillon-Lef?vre Syndrome, Journal of Periodontology, vol.61, issue.6, pp.373-377, 1990.
DOI : 10.1902/jop.1990.61.6.373

S. Bord, D. C. Ireland, S. R. Beavan, and J. E. And-compston, The effects of estrogen on osteoprotegerin, RANKL, and estrogen receptor expression in human osteoblasts, Bone, vol.32, issue.2, pp.136-141, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00953-5

N. Bostanci, T. Ilgenli, G. Emingil, B. Afacan, B. Han et al., Differential expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-?B ligand and osteoprotegerin mRNA in periodontal diseases, Journal of Periodontal Research, vol.128, issue.4, pp.287-293, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/1529-0131(200105)44:5<1003::AID-ANR179>3.0.CO;2-#

J. Cao, L. Venton, T. Sakata, and B. P. Halloran, Expression of RANKL and OPG Correlates With Age-Related Bone Loss in Male C57BL/6 Mice, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol.141, issue.2, pp.270-277, 2003.
DOI : 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.2.270

B. Castaneda, Y. Simon, D. Ferbus, B. Robert, J. Chesneau et al., Role of RANKL (TNFSF11)-Dependent Osteopetrosis in the Dental Phenotype of Msx2 Null Mutant Mice, PLoS ONE, vol.313, issue.3, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0080054.s004

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01538404

B. Castaneda, Y. Simon, J. Jacques, E. Hess, Y. Choi et al., Bone resorption control of tooth eruption and root morphogenesis: Involvement of the receptor activator of NF-?B (RANK), Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol.228, issue.1, pp.74-85, 2011.
DOI : 10.1080/03008200390181753

J. B. César-neto, P. M. Duarte, M. C. De-oliveira, C. H. Tambeli, E. A. Sallum et al., Smoking modulates interleukin-6:interleukin-10 and RANKL:osteoprotegerin ratios in the periodontal tissues Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease, J. Periodontal Res. J. Periodontol, vol.42, issue.79, pp.1569-1576, 1902.

R. Dababneh, A. M. Al-wahadneh, S. Hamadneh, A. Khouri, and N. F. Bissada, Periodontal Manifestation of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I, Journal of Periodontology, vol.79, issue.4, pp.764-768, 1902.
DOI : 10.1902/jop.2008.070323

V. Duheron, E. Hess, M. Duval, M. Decossas, B. Castaneda et al., Receptor activator of NF-?B (RANK) stimulates the proliferation of epithelial cells of the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.13, pp.5342-5347, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.132636999

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00579674

A. Gama, B. Navet, J. W. Vargas, B. Castaneda, and F. Lézot, Bone resorption: an actor of dental and periodontal development?, Frontiers in Physiology, vol.33, issue.510, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2009.01439.x

C. Giannopoulou, C. P. Martinelli-klay, and T. Lombardi, Immunohistochemical expression of RANKL, RANK and OPG in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, vol.45, issue.6, pp.629-634, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2007.00215.x

A. D. Haffajee, S. S. Socransky, M. R. Patel, X. G. Song, and S. E. Sahingur, Microbial complexes in supragingival plaque, Oral Microbiology and Immunology, vol.17, issue.3, pp.196-205, 1177.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00532.x

T. Hasegawa, Y. Yoshimura, T. Kikuiri, Y. Yawaka, S. Takeyama et al., Expression of receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin in culture of human periodontal ligament cells, Journal of Periodontal Research, vol.37, issue.6, pp.405-411, 2002.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.01603.x

E. Hess, V. Duheron, M. Decossas, F. Lézot, A. Berdal et al., RANKL Induces Organized Lymph Node Growth by Stromal Cell Proliferation, The Journal of Immunology, vol.188, issue.3, pp.1245-1254, 2012.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1101513

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00782725

G. Huynh-ba, N. P. Lang, M. S. Tonetti, G. E. Salvi, A. Linares et al., The association of the composite IL-1 genotype with periodontitis progression and/or treatment outcomes: a systematic review, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, vol.19, issue.4, pp.305-317, 1177.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028009828.x

K. Kawasaki, T. Takahashi, M. Yamaguchi, and K. Kasai, Effects of aging on RANKL and OPG levels in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research, vol.83, issue.3, 2006.
DOI : 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.2.210

D. F. Kinane, H. Shiba, H. , and T. C. , The genetic basis of periodontitis, Periodontology 2000, vol.80, issue.1, pp.91-117, 2005.
DOI : 10.1191/096228000668447080

M. Koide, Y. Kobayashi, T. Ninomiya, M. Nakamura, H. Yasuda et al., Osteoprotegerin-Deficient Male Mice as a Model for Severe Alveolar Bone Loss: Comparison With RANKL-Overexpressing Transgenic Male Mice, Endocrinology, vol.154, issue.2, pp.773-7822012, 2013.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2012-1928

D. L. Lacey, E. Timms, H. L. Tan, M. J. Kelley, C. R. Dunstan et al., Osteoprotegerin Ligand Is a Cytokine that Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation and Activation, Cell, vol.93, issue.2, pp.165-176, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81569-X

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81569-x

Y. Liu, H. Du, Y. Wang, M. Liu, S. Deng et al., Osteoprotegerin-Knockout Mice Developed Early Onset Root Resorption, Journal of Endodontics, vol.42, issue.10, pp.1516-1522, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.008

H. Loe, E. Theilade, and S. B. Jensen, Experimental gingivitis in man., Journal of Periodontal Research, vol.82, issue.4, 1965.
DOI : 10.14219/jada.archive.1954.0031

S. Lossdörfer, W. Götz, and A. Jäger, Immunohistochemical Localization of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor KappaB (RANK) and its Ligand (RANKL) in Human Deciduous Teeth, Calcified Tissue International, vol.71, issue.1, pp.45-52, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00223-001-2086-7

E. Low, H. Zoellner, O. P. Kharbanda, and M. A. Darendeliler, Expression of mRNA for osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ?? ligand (RANKL) during root resorption induced by the application of heavy orthodontic forces on rat molars, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol.128, issue.4, pp.497-503, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.038

H. Lu, Y. Chen, H. Chang, C. Li, M. Y. Kuo et al., Identification of the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand system in gingival crevicular fluid and tissue of patients with chronic periodontitis, Journal of Periodontal Research, vol.12, issue.4, pp.354-360, 2006.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.86.2.631

M. Mizuno, K. Miyazawa, M. Tabuchi, M. Tanaka, M. Yoshizako et al., Reveromycin A Administration Prevents Alveolar Bone Loss in Osteoprotegerin Knockout Mice with Periodontal Disease, Scientific Reports, vol.23, issue.1, pp.16510-16520, 1038.
DOI : 10.1902/jop.2007.060321

M. Mogi, J. Otogoto, N. Ota, and A. Togari, Differential Expression of RANKL and Osteoprotegerin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis, Journal of Dental Research, vol.83, issue.2, pp.166-169, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3597

L. Nibali, D. R. Ready, M. Parkar, P. M. Brett, M. Wilson et al., Gene Polymorphisms and the Prevalence of Key Periodontal Pathogens, Journal of Dental Research, vol.86, issue.5, pp.416-420, 1177.
DOI : 10.1177/154405910708600505

Y. Yamaguchi, M. Kojima, T. Aihara, N. Nakajima, R. Kasai et al., Cytokine gene polymorphisms in periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of 53 studies including 4178 cases and 4590 controls Levels of RANKL and OPG in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement and effect of compression force on releases from periodontal ligament cells in vitro, J. Clin. Periodontol. Orthod. Craniofac. Res, vol.35, issue.9, pp.754-767, 2006.

N. Nuti and M. Ferrari, Periodontal disease in Paget's disease of bone. Clin. Cases Miner, Bone Metab, vol.12, 2015.

R. C. Page and K. S. Kornman, The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction, Periodontology 2000, vol.322, issue.1, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb02310.x

S. V. Reddy, Etiology of Paget's disease and osteoclast abnormalities, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.347, issue.4, pp.688-696, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/jbmr.5650140207

N. Renema, B. Navet, M. Heymann, F. Lezot, and D. Heymann, RANK-RANKL signalling in cancer, Bioscience Reports, vol.36, issue.4, pp.366-376, 2016.
DOI : 10.1042/BSR20160150

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4974605

S. Renvert, Destructive periodontal disease in relation to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and respiratory diseases, Oral Health Prev. Dent, vol.1, pp.341-357, 2003.

B. L. Riggs, The mechanisms of estrogen regulation of bone resorption, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.106, issue.10, pp.1203-1204, 1999.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI11468

V. Sigl and J. M. Penninger, RANKL/RANK ? From bone physiology to breast cancer, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, vol.25, issue.2, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.01.002

D. Sokos, V. Everts, and T. J. De-vries, Role of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in osteoclastogenesis: a review, Journal of Periodontal Research, vol.273, issue.2, pp.152-159, 2015.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.273.42.27091

T. Suda, N. Takahashi, N. Udagawa, E. Jimi, M. T. Gillespie et al., Modulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Function by the New Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and Ligand Families, Endocrine Reviews, vol.20, issue.3, pp.345-357, 1999.
DOI : 10.1210/edrv.20.3.0367

K. Sundaram, D. S. Rao, W. L. Ries, and S. V. Reddy, CXCL5 stimulation of RANK ligand expression in Paget?s disease of bone, Laboratory Investigation, vol.10, issue.4, pp.472-479, 2013.
DOI : 10.1210/me.2011-1149

T. Cate, A. R. , A. , and R. D. , An Ultrastructural Study of Tooth Resorption in the Kitten, Journal of Dental Research, vol.65, issue.8, pp.1087-1093, 1986.
DOI : 10.1177/00220345860650080901

R. Vernal, A. Chaparro, R. Graumann, J. Puente, M. A. Valenzuela et al., Levels of Cytokine Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor ??B Ligand in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Untreated Chronic Periodontitis Patients, Journal of Periodontology, vol.75, issue.12, pp.1586-1591, 2004.
DOI : 10.1902/jop.2004.75.12.1586

N. Wada, H. Maeda, K. Tanabe, E. Tsuda, K. Yano et al., Periodontal ligament cells secrete the factor that inhibits osteoclastic differentiation and function: the factor is osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor, Journal of Periodontal Research, vol.36, issue.1, pp.56-63, 2001.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.00604.x

G. E. Wise, Y. Ren, and S. Yao, Regulation of Osteoprotegerin Gene Expression in Dental Follicle Cells, Journal of Dental Research, vol.82, issue.4, pp.298-302, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/345442a0

F. Wu, L. Wang, Y. Huang, W. Guo, C. Liu et al., Interleukin-1? +3954 polymorphisms and risk of external apical root resorption in orthodontic treatment: A meta-analysis, Genetics and Molecular Research, vol.12, issue.4, pp.4678-4686, 2006.
DOI : 10.4238/2013.October.18.6

X. Yang, Y. Wang, X. Han, R. Shu, T. Chen et al., 1 on OPG/RANKL Expression of Cementoblasts and Osteoblasts Are Similar without Stress but Different with Mechanical Compressive Stress, The Scientific World Journal, vol.42, p.718180, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-9969(94)90013-2

N. Zhao, Y. Liu, H. Kanzaki, W. Liang, J. Ni et al., Effects of local osteoprotegerin gene transfection on orthodontic root resorption during retention: an in vivo micro-CT analysis Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest, Orthod. Craniofac. Res, vol.15, 2012.