M. Steriade, I. Timofeev, and F. Grenier, Natural waking and sleep states: a view from inside neocortical neurons, J. Neurophysiol, vol.85, pp.1969-1985, 2001.

B. Haider, M. Hausser, and M. Carandini, Inhibition dominates sensory responses in the awake cortex, Nature, vol.97, issue.7430, pp.97-100, 2013.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.01114.2006

A. Y. Tan, Y. Chen, B. Scholl, E. Seidemann, and N. J. Priebe, Sensory stimulation shifts visual cortex from synchronous to asynchronous states, Nature, vol.84, issue.7499, pp.226-229, 2014.
DOI : 10.3389/neuro.01.026.2009

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067243

M. R. Deweese and A. M. Zador, Non-Gaussian Membrane Potential Dynamics Imply Sparse, Synchronous Activity in Auditory Cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.47, pp.12206-12218, 2006.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2813-06.2006

J. Waters and F. Helmchen, Background Synaptic Activity Is Sparse in Neocortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.32, pp.8267-8277, 2006.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2152-06.2006

URL : http://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/26/32/8267.full.pdf

S. Crochet and C. C. Petersen, Correlating whisker behavior with membrane potential in barrel cortex of awake mice, Nature Neuroscience, vol.304, issue.5, pp.608-610, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1690

J. F. Poulet and C. C. Petersen, Internal brain state regulates membrane potential synchrony in barrel cortex of behaving mice, Nature, vol.22, issue.7206, pp.881-885, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nature07150

M. Okun, A. Naim, and I. Lampl, The Subthreshold Relation between Cortical Local Field Potential and Neuronal Firing Unveiled by Intracellular Recordings in Awake Rats, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.12, pp.4440-4448, 2010.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5062-09.2010

M. Steriade, A. Nunez, and F. Amzica, A novel slow (<1 Hz) oscillation of neocortical neurons in vivo: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing components, J. Neurosci, vol.13, pp.3252-3265, 1993.

T. T. Hahn, B. Sakmann, and M. R. Mehta, Phase-locking of hippocampal interneurons' membrane potential to neocortical up-down states, Nature Neuroscience, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1359-1361, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1758

S. Sakata and K. D. Harris, Laminar Structure of Spontaneous and Sensory-Evoked Population Activity in Auditory Cortex, Neuron, vol.64, issue.3, pp.404-418, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.020

M. V. Sanchez-vives and D. A. Mccormick, Cellular and network mechanisms of rhythmic recurrent activity in neocortex, Nat Neurosci, vol.3, pp.1027-1061, 2000.

R. Cossart, D. Aronov, and R. Yuste, Attractor dynamics of network UP states in the neocortex, Nature, vol.441, issue.6937, pp.283-288, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s004240000435

J. N. Maclean, B. O. Watson, G. B. Aaron, and R. Yuste, Internal Dynamics Determine the Cortical Response to Thalamic Stimulation, Neuron, vol.48, issue.5, pp.811-823, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.035

E. E. Fanselow and B. W. Connors, The Roles of Somatostatin-Expressing (GIN) and Fast-Spiking Inhibitory Interneurons in UP-DOWN States of Mouse Neocortex, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.104, issue.2, pp.596-606, 2010.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00206.2010

G. T. Neske, S. L. Patrick, and B. W. Connors, Contributions of Diverse Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons to Recurrent Network Activity in Cerebral Cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.35, issue.3, pp.1089-1105, 2015.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2279-14.2015

M. J. Mcginley, S. V. David, and D. A. Mccormick, Cortical Membrane Potential Signature of Optimal States for Sensory Signal Detection, Neuron, vol.87, issue.1, pp.179-192, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.038

C. Van-vreeswijk and H. Sompolinsky, Chaos in Neuronal Networks with Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Activity, Science, vol.274, issue.5293, pp.1724-1726, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.274.5293.1724

D. J. Amit and N. Brunel, Model of global spontaneous activity and local structured activity during delay periods in the cerebral cortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.7, issue.3, pp.237-252, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/7.3.237

C. Van-vreeswijk and H. Sompolinsky, Chaotic Balanced State in a Model of Cortical Circuits, Neural Computation, vol.13, issue.6, pp.1321-1371, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(72)86068-5

N. Brunel, Dynamics of sparsely connected networks of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons, Journal of Computational Neuroscience, vol.8, issue.3, pp.183-208, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008925309027

A. Renart, The Asynchronous State in Cortical Circuits, Science, vol.28, issue.20, pp.587-590, 2010.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3508-05.2005

N. Brunel and X. Wang, What Determines the Frequency of Fast Network Oscillations With Irregular Neural Discharges? I. Synaptic Dynamics and Excitation-Inhibition Balance, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.90, issue.1, pp.415-430, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.01095.2002

N. Brunel and D. Hansel, How Noise Affects the Synchronization Properties of Recurrent Networks of Inhibitory Neurons, Neural Computation, vol.16, issue.5, pp.1066-1110, 2006.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008841325921

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00173760

E. Ledoux and N. Brunel, Dynamics of Networks of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in Response to Time-Dependent Inputs, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol.5, p.25, 2011.
DOI : 10.3389/fncom.2011.00025

A. Compte, M. V. Sanchez-vives, D. A. Mccormick, and X. J. Wang, Cellular and Network Mechanisms of Slow Oscillatory Activity (<1 Hz) and Wave Propagations in a Cortical Network Model, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.89, issue.5, pp.2707-2725, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00845.2002

D. Holcman and M. Tsodyks, The Emergence of Up and Down States in Cortical Networks, PLoS Computational Biology, vol.285, issue.3, p.23, 2006.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020023.sd001

N. Parga and L. Abbott, Network model of spontaneous activity exhibiting synchronous transitions between up and down states, Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol.1, issue.1, pp.57-66, 2007.
DOI : 10.3389/neuro.01.1.1.004.2007

D. Duc and K. , Synaptic dynamics and neuronal network connectivity are reflected in the distribution of times in Up states, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol.73, p.96, 2015.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.031108

M. Rudolph, M. Pospischil, I. Timofeev, and A. Destexhe, Inhibition Determines Membrane Potential Dynamics and Controls Action Potential Generation in Awake and Sleeping Cat Cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.20, pp.5280-5290, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4652-06.2007

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00151880

T. P. Vogels and L. Abbott, Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.46, pp.10786-10795, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3508-05.2005

A. Destexhe, Self-sustained asynchronous irregular states and Up???Down states in thalamic, cortical and thalamocortical networks of nonlinear integrate-and-fire neurons, Journal of Computational Neuroscience, vol.74, issue.11, pp.493-506, 2009.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511541711

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00444902

B. Kriener, Dynamics of self-sustained asynchronous-irregular activity in random networks of spiking neurons with strong synapses, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, vol.13, issue.187, p.136, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00288786

A. J. Siegert, On the First Passage Time Probability Problem, Physical Review, vol.36, issue.4, pp.617-623, 1951.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.36.823

L. M. Ricciardi, Diffusion processes and Related topics on biology, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-93059-1

L. F. Abbott and C. Van-vreeswijk, Asynchronous states in networks of pulse-coupled oscillators, Physical Review E, vol.89, issue.2, pp.1483-1490, 1993.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2471

A. Treves, Mean-field analysis of neuronal spike dynamics, Network: Computation in Neural Systems, vol.4, issue.3, pp.259-284, 1993.
DOI : 10.1088/0954-898X_4_3_002

N. Brunel and V. Hakim, Fast Global Oscillations in Networks of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons with Low Firing Rates, Neural Computation, vol.15, issue.7, pp.1621-1671, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/373612a0

C. M. Hempel, K. H. Hartman, X. Wang, G. G. Turrigiano, and S. B. Nelson, Multiple forms of short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses in rat medial prefrontal cortex, Journal of neurophysiology, vol.83, pp.3031-3041, 2000.

B. W. Connors and M. J. Gutnick, Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.13, issue.3, pp.99-104, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90185-D

L. Camera, G. Rauch, A. Luscher, H. R. Penn, W. Fusi et al., ???Like Input Currents, Neural Computation, vol.79, issue.10, pp.2101-2124, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5193(83)80013-7

J. Tabak, W. Senn, M. J. O-'donovan, and J. Rinzel, Modeling of spontaneous activity in developing spinal cord using activitydependent depression in an excitatory network, J Neurosci, vol.20, pp.3041-3056, 2000.

T. P. Vogels, K. Rajan, and L. Abbott, NEURAL NETWORK DYNAMICS, Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.1, pp.357-376, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637

A. Kumar, S. Schrader, A. Aertsen, and S. Rotter, The High-Conductance State of Cortical Networks, Neural Computation, vol.23, issue.19, pp.1-43, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00288786

R. Scientific, J. G. Orlandi, J. Soriano, E. Alvarez-lacalle, S. Teller et al., 11916 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-12033-y 45 Noise focusing and the emergence of coherent activity in neuronal cultures, Nature Physics, vol.7, issue.9, pp.582-590, 2013.

C. Van-vreeswijk and D. Hansel, Patterns of Synchrony in Neural Networks with Spike Adaptation, Neural Computation, vol.80, issue.5, pp.959-992, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(72)86068-5

G. Fuhrmann, H. Markram, and M. Tsodyks, Spike frequency adaptation and neocortical rhythms, J. Neurophysiol, vol.88, pp.761-770, 2002.

G. Gigante, M. Mattia, and P. Del-giudice, Diverse Population-Bursting Modes of Adapting Spiking Neurons, Physical Review Letters, vol.12, issue.14, p.148101, 2007.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.011920

D. Contreras, I. Timofeev, and M. Steriade, Mechanisms of long-lasting hyperpolarizations underlying slow sleep oscillations in cat corticothalamic networks., The Journal of Physiology, vol.494, issue.1, pp.251-264, 1996.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021488

R. L. Cowan and C. J. Wilson, Spontaneous firing patterns and axonal projections of single corticostriatal neurons in the rat medial agranular cortex, J. Neurophysiol, vol.71, pp.17-32, 1994.

M. Massimini and F. Amzica, Extracellular calcium fluctuations and intracellular potentials in the cortex during the slow sleep oscillation, J. Neurophysiol, vol.85, pp.1346-1350, 2001.

E. A. Stern, A. E. Kincaid, and C. J. Wilson, Spontaneous subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations and action potential variability of rat corticostriatal and striatal neurons in vivo, J. Neurophysiol, vol.77, pp.1697-1715, 1997.

I. Timofeev, F. Grenier, and M. Steriade, Disfacilitation and active inhibition in the neocortex during the natural sleep-wake cycle: An intracellular study, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98, pp.1924-1929, 2001.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.241

G. Mochol, A. Hermoso-mendizabal, S. Sakata, K. D. Harris, and J. De-la-rocha, Stochastic transitions into silence cause noise correlations in cortical circuits, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 112, pp.3529-3534, 2015.
DOI : 10.1038/nature10009

I. Lampl, I. Reichova, and D. Ferster, Synchronous Membrane Potential Fluctuations in Neurons of the Cat Visual Cortex, Neuron, vol.22, issue.2, pp.361-374, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81096-X

D. Pare, E. Shink, H. Gaudreau, A. Destexhe, and E. J. Lang, Impact of spontaneous synaptic activity on the resting properties of cat neocortical pyramidal neurons In vivo, J. Neurophysiol, vol.79, pp.1450-1460, 1998.

H. R. Wilson and J. D. Cowan, Excitatory and Inhibitory Interactions in Localized Populations of Model Neurons, Biophysical Journal, vol.12, issue.1, pp.1-24, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(72)86068-5

A. Destexhe, M. Rudolph, and D. Paré, The high-conductance state of neocortical neurons in vivo, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.4, issue.9, pp.739-51, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn1198

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00299172

B. Haider, A. Duque, A. R. Hasenstaub, and D. A. Mccormick, Neocortical Network Activity In Vivo Is Generated through a Dynamic Balance of Excitation and Inhibition, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.17, pp.4535-4545, 2006.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5297-05.2006

M. Okun and I. Lampl, Instantaneous correlation of excitation and inhibition during ongoing and sensory-evoked activities, Nature Neuroscience, vol.18, issue.5, pp.535-537, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/13.1.33

K. D. Miller, Canonical computations of cerebral cortex, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.37, pp.75-84, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conb.2016.01.008

J. F. Mejias, H. J. Kappen, and J. J. Torres, Irregular Dynamics in Up and Down Cortical States, PLoS ONE, vol.5, issue.11, p.13651, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0013651.g008

URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013651

M. Mattia and M. V. Sanchez-vives, Exploring the spectrum of dynamical regimes and timescales in spontaneous cortical activity, Cognitive Neurodynamics, vol.13, issue.8, pp.239-250, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01092-9

A. Lerchner and P. Latham, A unifying framework for understanding state-dependent network dynamics in cortex, 2015.

D. Jercog, UP-DOWN cortical dynamics reflect state transitions 1 in a bistable balanced network BioRxiv, 2016.

A. Roxin and A. Compte, Oscillations in the bistable regime of neuronal networks, Physical Review E, vol.5, issue.8, p.12410, 2016.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.021919

A. Renart, R. Moreno-bote, X. Wang, and N. Parga, Mean-Driven and Fluctuation-Driven Persistent Activity in Recurrent Networks, Neural Computation, vol.19, issue.1, pp.1-46, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/370140a0

M. J. Richardson, Effects of synaptic conductance on the voltage distribution and firing rate of spiking neurons, Physical Review E, vol.15, issue.5, p.51918, 2004.
DOI : 10.1162/089976603322385081

M. J. Richardson and R. Swarbrick, Firing-Rate Response of a Neuron Receiving Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Shot Noise, Physical Review Letters, vol.23, issue.17, p.178102, 2010.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2813-06.2006

H. Bos, M. Diesmann, and M. Helias, Identifying Anatomical Origins of Coexisting Oscillations in the Cortical Microcircuit, PLOS Computational Biology, vol.92, issue.7, p.1005132, 2016.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005132.g009

S. Lim and J. Rinzel, Noise-induced transitions in slow wave neuronal dynamics, Journal of Computational Neuroscience, vol.80, issue.22, pp.1-17, 2010.
DOI : 10.1017/S0952523800172050

URL : http://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1471-2202-9-S1-P139?site=bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com