We also 707 thank J Éric 708, Pangrazi, R. Patrix, and E. Tanguy for aide in construction of the enclosures ,
Robin kindly assisted in 709 diving activities. We also thank B. Kirkwood at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute who 710 advised in system design ,
Tropical CO 2 seeps 719 reveal the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef invertebrate recruitment, 0720. ,
The influence of herbivores on Posidonia oceanica epiphytes, Aquatic Botany, vol.56, issue.2, pp.93-104, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3770(96)01098-4
CANONICAL ANALYSIS OF PRINCIPAL COORDINATES: A USEFUL METHOD OF CONSTRAINED ORDINATION FOR ECOLOGY, Ecology, vol.84, issue.2, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.2307/1941283
Generic and Environmental Control of Carbonate Mineralogy in Serpulid (Polychaete) Tubes, The Journal of Geology, vol.81, issue.3, pp.363-373, 1973. ,
DOI : 10.1086/627876
Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles, Effects of in situ CO 2 enrichment on structural characteristics, photosynthesis, and 740 growth of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica, pp.2013-2016, 2016. ,
Effects of in situ CO 2 enrichment on Posidonia oceanica 744 epiphytic community composition and mineralogy, Mar. Biol, vol.164, issue.103, pp.745-755, 2017. ,
Recruitment and succession in a tropical benthic community in 748 response to in-situ Ocean Acidification, PLoS ONE, vol.11, 2016. ,
Don't let spurious accusations of pseudoreplication limit our ability to learn from natural experiments (and other messy kinds of ecological monitoring), Ecology and Evolution, vol.86, issue.22, pp.5295-5304, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.038
Settlement pattern of Posidonia interactions: elevated CO 2 alters CCA-larval interactions, Ecol. Lett, vol.15, 2014. ,
What meta-analysis can tell us about vulnerability 761 of marine biodiversity to ocean acidification?, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci, vol.89, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.06.013
Population regulation, population dynamics and competition amongst mobile epifauna associated with seagrass, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.144, issue.2-3, pp.205-234, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0981(90)90029-C
Impact of anthropogenic CO 2 on the CaCO 3 system in the oceans, Science, vol.767, issue.305, pp.362-366, 2004. ,
Polychaete distribution, diversity and seasonality 771 related to seagrass cover in shallow soft bottoms of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), Sci. Mar, vol.772, pp.62-63, 1998. ,
Depth and seasonal, 1992. ,
Indirect effects may buffer negative responses of seagrass invertebrate 779 communities to ocean acidification, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol, vol.461, 2014. ,
Seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry. R 782 package version 3.0.6, p.783, 2015. ,
Ocean acidification, p.784, 2011. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01535594
Free-ocean CO 2 enrichment 788 (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments, Biogeosciences, vol.11, pp.4057-4075, 2014. ,
Ocean acidification through the lens of ecological theory, Ecology, vol.96, issue.1, pp.3-15, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1463
Digital zooplankton image analysis using the ZooScan integrated system, Journal of Plankton Research, vol.32, issue.3, pp.285-303, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1093/plankt/fbp124
URL : https://academic.oup.com/plankt/article-pdf/32/3/285/4394627/fbp124.pdf
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show 808 ecosystem effects of ocean acidification, Nature, vol.454, pp.96-99, 2008. ,
Experiments on predator-prey interactions in vegetated aquatic 812 habitats, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol, vol.5381, pp.125-134, 1981. ,
Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of 820 current knowledge, Ecol. Monogr, vol.75, pp.3-351004, 1890. ,
Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments, Ecological Monographs, vol.54, issue.2, p.822, 1984. ,
DOI : 10.2307/1942661
Tube morphology, ultrastructures and mineralogy in 824 recent Spirorbinae (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). II. Tribe Spirorbini, Invert. Zool, vol.825, pp.12-61, 2015. ,
Use of a seagrass residency index to apportion commercial fishery landing values and recreation fisheries expenditure to seagrass habitat service, Conservation Biology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.899-829, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.008
Climate change and ocean acidification 837 effects on seagrasses and marine macroalgae, Glob. Change Biol, vol.19, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02791.x
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying 841 sensitivities and interaction with warming, Glob. Change Biol, vol.19, pp.1884-1896, 2013. ,
Ocean acidification causes ecosystem shifts via altered competitive interactions, Nature Climate Change, vol.45, issue.2, pp.156-159, 1038. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nature06252
Divergent ecosystem responses 847 within a benthic marine community to ocean acidification, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, pp.14515-14520, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1107789108
URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/108/35/14515.full.pdf
Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification, Nature Geoscience, vol.106, issue.2, pp.114-851, 1038. ,
DOI : 10.1093/icb/39.1.160
Global carbon budget, p.865 ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01150560
Effects of naturally acidified seawater on seagrass calcareous 868 epibionts, Biol. Lett, vol.4, p.412, 2008. ,
Carbon Flux in Seagrass Ecosystems, p.870, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1007/1-4020-2983-7_7
Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Algal and Animal Communities in a Posidonia oceanica Meadow, Marine Ecology, vol.5, issue.4, pp.107-129, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0981(85)90048-6
Skeletal trade-offs in coralline algae in response to ocean acidification, Nature Climate Change, vol.49, issue.8, pp.719-723, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2009GC002411
Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine 881 ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? Biogeosciences 6, pp.2313-2331, 2009. ,
Calcified macroalgae - critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: a review, Marine and Freshwater Research, vol.60, issue.8, pp.787-801, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1071/MF08335
Faunal communities in seagrass beds ? a review 889 of the influence of plant structure and prey characteristics on predator-prey relationships, pp.339-350, 1984. ,
Logic of experiments in ecology: is pseudoreplication a pseudoissue? Oikos 94, 2001. ,
Epiphytic calcium carbonate production and facies 898 development within sub-tropical seagrass beds, Inhaca Island, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.12.003
Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.400, issue.1-2, pp.278-287, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.011
Diel variability in seawater pH 903 relates to calcification and benthic community structure on coral reefs, PLoS ONE, vol.7, 2012. ,
Nutrient Dynamics in Seagrass Ecosystems, C.M, p.907, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1007/1-4020-2983-7_9
Differential responses of calcifying and non-calcifying epibionts 910 of a brown macroalga to present-day and future upwelling pCO 2, PLoS ONE, vol.8, 2013. ,
Ocean acidification can mediate biodiversity shifts by changing biogenic habitat, Nature Climate Change, vol.3, issue.1, pp.81-85, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nclimate1855
The effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on the 921 metamorphosis, size, and survival of larval hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), bay 922 scallops (Argopecten irradians), and Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) Limnol, p.923, 2009. ,
Trace element bias in the use of CO2 vents as analogues for low pH environments: Implications for contamination levels in acidified oceans, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.134, pp.19-30, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.09.015