Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne, Nature, vol.21, issue.7242, pp.1163-1166, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00414.x
Assimilation of Directional Wave Spectra in the Wave Model WAM: An Impact Study from Synthetic Observations in Preparation for the SWIMSAT Satellite Mission, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.23, issue.3, pp.448-463, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1175/JTECH1861.1
Semiempirical Dissipation Source Functions for Ocean Waves. Part I: Definition, Calibration, and Validation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.40, issue.9, pp.1917-1941, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1175/2010JPO4324.1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407184
Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.42, issue.1, pp.1-20, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1997.42.1.0001
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4319/lo.1997.42.1.0001/pdf
Biospheric Primary Production During an ENSO Transition, Science, vol.291, issue.5513, pp.2594-2597, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.1055071
URL : https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt51z7z4n6/qt51z7z4n6.pdf
Air???sea dimethylsulfide (DMS) gas transfer in the North Atlantic: evidence for limited interfacial gas exchange at high wind speed, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.13, issue.21, pp.11073-11087, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.5194/acp-13-11073-2013-supplement
The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change, Nature Geoscience, vol.49, issue.12, pp.864-869, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2520
Radiative heat transfer, pp.11-12, 1960. ,
Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: a summary of the AER codes, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol.91, issue.2, pp.233-244, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.058
Measurement of the Roughness of the Sea Surface from Photographs of the Sun???s Glitter, Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol.44, issue.11, pp.838-850, 1954. ,
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.44.000838
A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large-eddy simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.28, issue.2, pp.1-30, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-3027-8
Scale dependence of bubble creation mechanisms in breaking waves, Nature, vol.95, issue.6900, pp.839-844, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1121/1.408573
Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: from CMIP3 to CMIP5, and Vuichard, N.: Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: from CMIP3 to CMIP5, pp.2123-2165, 1636. ,
DOI : 10.1175/2010JCLI3260.1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00794170
Capturing optically important constituents and properties in a marine biogeochemical and ecosystem model, Biogeosciences, vol.125194, issue.10, pp.4447-4481, 2015. ,
Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization, Geoscientific Model Development, vol.9, issue.5, 1937. ,
DOI : 10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01339069
Towards improved and more routine Earth system model evaluation in CMIP, Earth Syst. Dynam, vol.75194, issue.10, pp.813-830, 2016. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01497601
Spectrochromatography of photosynthetic pigments as a fingerprinting technique for microbial phototrophs, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol.29, issue.2, pp.69-77, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4757-1332-9_2
Strong warming at high emissions, Nature Climate Change, vol.18, issue.9, pp.823-824, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI3362.1
Spectral reflectance of sea foam in the visible and near-infrared: In situ measurements and remote sensing implications, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.93, issue.10, pp.14361-14371, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JC093iC01p00587
Influence of oceanic whitecaps on the Global Radiation Budget, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.9, issue.8, pp.1523-1526, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1029/GL009i006p00719
Emissions Using CMIP5 Simulations*, Journal of Climate, vol.26, issue.18, pp.6844-6858, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00476.s1
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50249/pdf
Performance metrics for climate models, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.5, issue.16, p.6104, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2007JD009334
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007JD008972/pdf
Influence of oceanic whitecaps on atmospheric correction of ocean-color sensors, Applied Optics, vol.33, issue.33, pp.7754-7763, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1364/AO.33.007754
A continuous buoyancy based convection scheme: one-and three-dimensional validation, Tellus A, pp.687-706, 2011. ,
A Climatology of Surface Radiation Budget Derived from Satellite Data, 012<2691:ACOSRB>2.0.CO, pp.2691-27101520, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2691:ACOSRB>2.0.CO;2
Efficient Three-Dimensional Global Models for Climate Studies: Models I and II, 111<0609:ETDGMF>2.0.CO, pp.609-6621520, 1983. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<0609:ETDGMF>2.0.CO;2
URL : http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281983%29111%3C0609%3AETDGMF%3E2.0.CO%3B2
Ideas and perspectives: climate-relevant marine biologically driven mechanisms in Earth system models, Biogeosciences, vol.14, issue.2, pp.403-413, 2017. ,
DOI : 10.1038/srep20284
Impact of the LMDZ atmospheric grid configuration on the climate and sensitivity of the IPSL-CM5A coupled model, Climate Dynamics, vol.11, issue.9, pp.2167-2192, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1007/BF00209513
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01096296
The Scientific Basis, 2001. ,
The Physical Science Basis, 2007. ,
The Physical Science Basis, IPCC: Climate Change 2013, 2013. ,
Infrared optical properties of water and ice spheres, Icarus, vol.8, issue.1-3, pp.324-360, 1968. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0019-1035(68)90083-3
Analysis of Broadband Solar Radiation and Albedo over the Ocean Surface at COVE, AOBSRA>2.0.CO, pp.1585-16011520, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1585:AOBSRA>2.0.CO;2
A parameterization of ocean surface albedo, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.122, issue.22, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL021180
Radiative Transfer Modeling for the CLAMS Experiment, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.62, issue.4, pp.1053-1071, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1175/JAS3351.1
Analytical solution of radiative transfer in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system with a rough surface, Applied Optics, vol.45, issue.28, pp.7443-7455, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1364/AO.45.007443
A new parameterization of spectral and broadband ocean surface albedo, Optics Express, vol.19, issue.27, pp.26429-26443, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1364/OE.19.026429.m004
A comparison of oceanic skin effect parameterizations using shipborne radiometer data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.100, issue.2, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1029/94JC02170
Quantifying the biological impact of surface ocean light attenuation by colored detrital matter in an ESM using a new optical parameterization, Biogeosciences, vol.12, issue.16, pp.5119-5132, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.5194/bg-12-5119-2015
Effective reflectance of oceanic whitecaps, Applied Optics, vol.23, issue.11, pp.1816-1824, 1984. ,
DOI : 10.1364/AO.23.001816
Effects of realistic angular reflection laws for the Earth's surface upon calculations of the Earth-atmosphere albedo, Radiation in the Atmosphere, Proceedings of an International Symposium, p.451, 1977. ,
Ocean Surface Albedo and Its Impact on Radiation Balance in Climate Models, Journal of Climate, vol.19, issue.24, pp.6314-6333, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI3973.1
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on marine primary production with reference to satellite remote sensing, Front, Earth Sci, vol.9, pp.237-247, 2015. ,
Implementation and validation of a new prognostic large-scale cloud and precipitation scheme for climate and data-assimilation purposes, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.125, issue.579, pp.229-257, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712555707
NEMO ocean engine, Note du Pôle de modélisation, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), 2008. ,
The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes, Geosci. Model Dev, pp.929-960, 2013. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00968042
Distribution of breaking waves at the ocean surface, Nature, vol.31, issue.8, pp.58-63, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1498:AHELMF>2.0.CO;2
Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.52, issue.D14, pp.16663-16682, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1007/BF00864037
Heating Rate within the Upper Ocean in Relation to its Bio???optical State, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.24, issue.7, pp.1652-16651520, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<1652:HRWTUO>2.0.CO;2
Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters: its dependence on Sun angle as influenced by the molecular scattering contribution, Applied Optics, vol.30, issue.30, pp.4427-4438, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1364/AO.30.004427
Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters: A reappraisal, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.37, issue.C4, pp.7163-7180, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1364/AO.37.006525
Effects of Penetrative Radiation on the Upper Tropical Ocean Circulation, Journal of Climate, vol.15, issue.5, pp.470-4861520, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0470:EOPROT>2.0.CO;2
Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing , in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, pp.659-740, 2013. ,
Declining uncertainty in transient climate response as CO2 forcing dominates future climate??change, Nature Geoscience, vol.118, issue.3, pp.181-185, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.5194/acp-13-2939-2013
Sverdrup revisited: Critical depths, maximum chlorophyll levels, and the control of Southern Ocean productivity by the irradiance-mixing regime, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.36, issue.8, pp.1650-1661, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1650
Ocean Radiant Heating. Part II: Parameterizing Solar Radiation Transmission through the Upper Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.30, issue.8, pp.1849-1865, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1849:ORHPIP>2.0.CO;2
Ocean Radiant Heating. Part I: Optical Influences, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.30, issue.8, pp.1833-1848, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1833:ORHPIO>2.0.CO;2
Energy budget constraints on climate response, Nature Geoscience, vol.32, issue.6, pp.415-416, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL022241
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01109024
Albedo of the Sea Surface, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.29, issue.5, pp.959-970, 1972. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<0959:AOTSS>2.0.CO;2
An Approach for Convective Parameterization with Memory: Separating Microphysics and Transport in Grid-Scale Equations, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.64, issue.11, pp.4127-4139, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1175/2007JAS2144.1
Albedos and Glitter Patterns of a Wind-Roughened Sea Surface, J. Phys. Oceanogr, vol.162, pp.1293-1316, 1986. ,
Offshore Radiation Observations for Climate Research at the CERES Ocean Validation Experiment: A New, Laboratory " for Retrieval Algorithm Testing, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc, vol.87, pp.1211-1222, 2006. ,
An interactive ocean surface albedo scheme ,
Reference solar irradiance spectra and consequences of their disparities in remote sensing of the ocean colour, Annales Geophysicae, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1235-1252, 1235. ,
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-25-1235-2007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00318330
The North Atlantic Spring Phytoplankton Bloom and Sverdrup's Critical Depth Hypothesis, Science, vol.296, issue.5568, pp.730-733, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.1069174
Water Characteristics, J. Water Pollut. Con. F, vol.54, pp.541-554, 1982. ,
Penetration of UV irradiance into the global ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.101, issue.C11, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1029/96JD00225
Observations of oceanic whitecaps in the north polar waters of the Atlantic, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.C3, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1029/2000JC900040
Studies with a flexible new radiation code. II: Comparisons with aircraft short-wave observations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.81, issue.532, pp.839-861, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1029/JC081i033p05733
An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.93, issue.4, pp.485-498, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1
The CNRM-CM5.1 global climate model: description and basic evaluation, The CNRM- CM5.1 global climate model: description and basic evaluation, pp.2091-2121, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1175/BAMS-88-4-527
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00833024
Sea foam reflectance and influence on optimum wavelength for remote sensing of ocean aerosols, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.20, issue.6, pp.719-722, 1982. ,
DOI : 10.1364/AO.20.000177
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): An Earth Observing System Experiment, 077<0853:CATERE>2.0.CO, pp.853-8681520, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0853:CATERE>2.0.CO;2
Effect of wind waves on air?sea gas exchange: proposal of an overall CO 2 transfer velocity formula as a function of breaking-wave parameter, Tellus B, vol.57, pp.478-4871021215904955, 2005. ,
Annual cycles of phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations in the global ocean: A satellite view, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.350, issue.1, pp.181-193, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1029/CO002p0093