. Pham, A better approach to systematically understanding tearing should be based on a model that more clearly distinguishes between the homogeneous and localized damage, for instance coupling phase-field models of fracture that do not exhibit distributed damage, 2011.

B. Acknowledgment, The labex CalsimLab, reference ANR-11-LABX-0037-01, is funded by the program Investissements d'avenir " of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, MA acknowledges the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya through the prize " ICREA Academia " for excellence in research and of the European Research Council

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