L. Nalysnyk, J. Cid-ruzafa, P. Rotella, and D. Esser, Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: review of the literature, Eur Respir Rev, vol.21, pp.355-61, 2012.

W. A. Wuyts, C. Agostini, K. M. Antoniou, D. Bouros, R. C. Chambers et al., The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target, Eur Respir Rev, vol.41, pp.1207-1225, 2013.

I. Network, G. Raghu, K. J. Anstrom, T. E. King, J. A. Lasky et al., Prednisone, azathioprine, and Nacetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis, N Engl J Med, vol.366, pp.1968-77, 2012.

F. J. Martinez, S. Safrin, D. Weycker, K. M. Starko, W. Z. Bradford et al., The clinical course of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Ann Intern Med, vol.142, pp.963-970, 2005.

R. Agarwal and S. K. Jindal, Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review, Eur J Intern Med, vol.19, pp.227-262, 2008.

H. R. Collard, B. B. Moore, K. R. Flaherty, K. K. Brown, R. J. Kaner et al., Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.176, pp.636-679, 2007.

E. Morawiec, I. Tillie-leblond, V. Pansini, J. Salleron, M. Remy-jardin et al., Exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide pulses, Eur Respir J, vol.38, pp.1487-1496, 2011.

V. Simon-blancal, O. Freynet, H. Nunes, D. Bouvry, N. Naggara et al., Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors, Respiration, vol.83, pp.28-35, 2012.

J. W. Song, S. B. Hong, C. M. Lim, Y. Koh, and D. S. Kim, Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: incidence, risk factors and outcome, Eur Respir J, vol.37, pp.356-63, 2011.

M. Akira, T. Kozuka, S. Yamamoto, and M. Sakatani, Computed tomography findings in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.178, pp.372-380, 2008.

V. Ambrosini, A. Cancellieri, M. Chilosi, M. Zompatori, R. Trisolini et al., Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: report of a series, Eur Respir J, vol.22, pp.821-827, 2003.

D. S. Kim, J. H. Park, B. K. Park, J. S. Lee, A. G. Nicholson et al., Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: frequency and clinical features, Eur Respir J, vol.27, pp.143-50, 2006.

A. Churg, N. L. Muller, C. I. Silva, and J. L. Wright, Acute exacerbation (acute lung injury of unknown cause) in UIP and other forms of fibrotic interstitial pneumonias, Am J Surg Pathol, vol.31, pp.277-84, 2007.

K. Fujimoto, H. Taniguchi, T. Johkoh, Y. Kondoh, K. Ichikado et al., Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: high-resolution CT scores predict mortality, Eur Radiol, vol.22, pp.83-92, 2012.

Y. Kondoh, H. Taniguchi, M. Kitaichi, T. Yokoi, T. Johkoh et al., Acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia following surgical lung biopsy, Respir Med, vol.100, pp.1753-1762, 2006.

A. J. Rice, A. U. Wells, D. Bouros, R. M. Du-bois, D. M. Hansell et al., Terminal diffuse alveolar damage in relation to interstitial pneumonias. An autopsy study, Am J Clin Pathol, vol.119, pp.709-723, 2003.

H. Tomioka, T. Sakurai, K. Hashimoto, and H. Iwasaki, Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: role of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, Respirology, vol.12, pp.700-706, 2007.

L. Novelli, R. Ruggiero, D. Giacomi, F. Biffi, A. Faverio et al., Corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a single center experience and literature review, Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis, vol.33, pp.385-91, 2016.

H. R. Collard, C. J. Ryerson, T. J. Corte, G. Jenkins, Y. Kondoh et al., Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. An international working group report, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.194, pp.265-75, 2016.

G. Raghu, H. R. Collard, J. J. Egan, F. J. Martinez, J. Behr et al., An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.183, pp.788-824, 2011.

R. Tachikawa, K. Tomii, H. Ueda, K. Nagata, S. Nanjo et al., Clinical features and outcome of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia: collagen vascular diseases-related versus idiopathic, Respiration, vol.83, pp.20-27, 2012.

T. Yokoyama, Y. Kondoh, H. Taniguchi, K. Kataoka, K. Kato et al., Noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Intern Med, vol.49, pp.1509-1523, 2010.

S. Sakamoto, S. Homma, A. Miyamoto, A. Kurosaki, T. Fujii et al., Cyclosporin a in the treatment of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Intern Med, vol.49, pp.109-124, 2010.

N. Inase, M. Sawada, Y. Ohtani, S. Miyake, S. Isogai et al., Cyclosporin a followed by the treatment of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with corticosteroid, Intern Med, vol.42, pp.565-70, 2003.

N. Horita, M. Akahane, Y. Okada, Y. Kobayashi, T. Arai et al., Tacrolimus and steroid treatment for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Intern Med, vol.50, pp.189-95, 2011.

D. P. Tashkin, R. Elashoff, P. J. Clements, J. Goldin, M. D. Roth et al., Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease, N Engl J Med, vol.354, pp.2655-66, 2006.

J. Morisset, C. Johnson, E. Rich, H. R. Collard, and J. S. Lee, Management of MyositisRelated Interstitial Lung Disease, Chest, vol.150, pp.1118-1146, 2016.

H. R. Collard, E. Yow, L. Richeldi, K. Anstrom, and C. Glazer, Suspected acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as an outcome measure in clinical trials, Respir Res, vol.14, p.73, 2013.

G. Raghu, K. J. Anstrom, T. E. King, J. A. Lasky, and F. J. Martinez, Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis, N Engl J Med, vol.366, pp.1968-77, 2012.

I. Noth, K. J. Anstrom, S. B. Calvert, J. De-andrade, K. R. Flaherty et al., A placebo-controlled randomized trial of warfarin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.186, pp.88-95, 2012.