, /I Impact in ART-Experienced Patients ? ofid ? 11

G. Marchetti, F. Rezza, P. Schloesser, A. Viale-scientific-secretary:-a.-d'-arminio-monforte, A. Antinori et al., A. Saracino, and L. Sarmati Statistical and monitoring team: A. Cozzi-Lepri
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00595766

G. Angarano, L. Monno, and E. Milano,

F. Maggiolo and C. Suardi,

P. Viale, V. Donati, and G. Verucchi,

F. Castelnuovo, C. Minardi, and E. Q. Roldan,

B. Menzaghi and C. Abeli,

B. Cacopardo and B. Celesia,

J. Vecchiet and K. Falasca,

A. Pan and S. Lorenzotti,

L. Sighinolfi and D. Segala, Ferrara

P. Blanc and F. Vichi,

G. Cassola, C. Viscoli, A. Alessandrini, N. Bobbio, and G. Mazzarello,

M. Lichtner and S. Vita,

P. Bonfanti and C. Molteni,

A. Chiodera and P. Milini,

G. Nunnari and G. Pellicanò,

A. Monforte, M. Galli, A. Lazzarin, G. Rizzardini, M. Puoti et al.,

C. Mussini and C. Puzzolante,

C. Migliorino and G. Lapadula,

V. Sangiovanni, G. Borgia, V. Esposito, F. D. Martino, I. Gentile et al.,

A. M. Cattelan and S. Marinello,

A. Cascio and M. Trizzino,

F. Baldelli and E. Schiaroli,

G. Parruti and F. Sozio,

G. Magnani and M. A. Ursitti,

M. Andreoni, A. Antinori, R. Cauda, A. Cristaudo, V. Vullo et al.,

M. Cecchetto and F. Viviani,

G. Madeddu and A. D. Vito,

B. Rossetti and F. Montagnani,

A. Franco, R. Fontana-del, and . Vecchio,

D. Francisci and C. D. Giuli,

P. Caramello, G. D. Perri, S. Bonora, G. C. Orofino, and M. Sciandra,

M. Bassetti and A. Londero,

G. Pellizzer and V. Manfrin,

G. Starnini, ;. V. Aubert, M. Battegay, E. Bernasconi, J. ;. Boni et al., Rauch (chairman of the scientific board), C. Rudin (chairman of the mother and child substudy), A.U. Scherrer (head of the data center, A. Ialungo (Viterbo) We acknowledge all members of the SHCS

, Financial support. This work was financed within the framework of the SHCS, supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant #177499), by SHCS project # 816 of the SHCS Research Foundation, and by the Yvonne Jacob Foundation (to H.F.G.) and the Clinical Research Priority Program of the University of Zurich Viral Infectious Diseases Section, Swiss university hospitals, 2 cantonal hospitals, 15 affiliated hospitals, and 36 private physicians

M. S. Saag, C. A. Benson, and R. T. Gandhi, Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2018 recommendations of the international antiviral society-USA panel, JAMA, vol.320, pp.379-96, 2018.

, Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents living with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services, Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, 2019.

B. Clotet, J. Feinberg, and J. Van-lunzen, ING114915 Study Team. Once-daily dolutegravir versus darunavir plus ritonavir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (FLAMINGO): 48 week results from the randomised open-label phase 3b study, Lancet, vol.383, pp.2222-2253, 2014.

S. L. Walmsley, A. Antela, and N. Clumeck, Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, N Engl J Med, vol.369, pp.1807-1825, 2013.

P. Cahn, A. L. Pozniak, and H. Mingrone, extended SAILING Study Team. Dolutegravir versus raltegravir in antiretroviral-experienced, integrase-inhibitornaive adults with HIV: week 48 results from the randomised, double-blind, noninferiority SAILING study, Lancet, vol.382, pp.700-708, 2013.

S. Fourati, C. Charpentier, and C. Amiel,

, Cross-resistance to elvitegravir and dolutegravir in 502 patients failing on raltegravir: a French national study of raltegravir-experienced HIV-1-infected patients, ANRS AC11 Resistance Study Group, vol.70, pp.1507-1519, 2015.

J. M. Llibre, C. C. Hung, and C. Brinson, Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dolutegravir-rilpivirine for the maintenance of virological suppression in adults with HIV-1: phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority SWORD-1 and SWORD-2 studies, Lancet, vol.391, pp.839-888, 2018.

I. Wijting, C. Rokx, and C. Boucher, Dolutegravir as maintenance monotherapy for HIV (DOMONO): a phase 2, randomised non-inferiority trial, Lancet HIV, vol.4, pp.547-54, 2017.

L. Hocqueloux, F. Raffi, and T. Prazuck, Dolutegravir monotherapy versus dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine for virologically suppressed people living with chronic HIV infection: the randomized non-inferiority MONCAY trial, Clin Infect Dis, 2019.

V. Black and S. R. Schwartz, Issues about periconception use of dolutegravir are reminiscent of early concerns about efavirenz, Lancet HIV, vol.5, pp.732-738, 2018.

J. L. Blanco, J. Rojas, and R. Paredes, Dolutegravir-based maintenance monotherapy versus dual therapy with lamivudine: a planned 24 week analysis of the DOLAM randomized clinical trial, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.73, pp.1965-71, 2018.

L. Ryom, C. Boesecke, and M. Bracchi, EACS Governing Board. Highlights of the 2017 European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Guidelines for the treatment of adult HIV-positive persons version 9.0, HIV Med, vol.19, pp.309-324, 2018.

D. L. Braun, T. Turk, and F. Tschumi, Non-inferiority of simplified dolutegravir monotherapy compared to continued combination antiretroviral therapy that was initiated during primary HIV infection: a randomized, controlled, multi-site, open-label, non-inferiority trial, Clin Infect Dis, 2019.

. Hiv-french-resistance,

A. Collin, L. Marec, F. Vandenhende, and M. , Incidence and risk factors for severe bacterial infections in people living with HIV, ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort, vol.11, p.152970, 2000.

S. Modica, B. Rossetti, and F. Lombardi, Prevalence and determinants of resistance mutations in HIV-1-infected patients exposed to integrase inhibitors in a large Italian cohort, HIV Med, vol.20, pp.137-183, 2019.

T. S. Boender, C. Smit, and A. Van-sighem, on behalf of the ATHENA national observational HIV cohort. AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) national observational HIV cohort: cohort profile, BMJ Open, vol.8, p.22516, 2018.

, Fondazione Icona. Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals, 2016.

T. Swiss-hiv-cohort, . Study, F. Schoeni-affolter, and B. Ledergerber, Cohort profile: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Int J Epidemiol, vol.39, pp.1179-89, 2010.

, Immunity and Infections. HICEP, 2003.

V. Potard, A. Simon, J. M. Lacombe, and J. J. Parienti, Switching to raltegravir from a virologically effective boosted protease inhibitor regimen: a comparative effectiveness analysis from the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4), Clin Infect Dis, vol.63, pp.1254-61, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01419596

A. Olmos and P. Govindasamy, A practical guide for using propensity score weighting in R, Pract Assessment Res Eval, vol.20, pp.1-8, 2015.

A. L. Buchanan, M. G. Hudgens, S. R. Cole, and B. Lau, Adimora AA; for the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Worth the weight: using inverse probability weighted Cox models in AIDS research, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, vol.30, pp.1170-1177, 2014.

S. R. Cole and M. A. Hernan, Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models, Pract Epidemiol, vol.168, pp.656-64, 2008.

T. Kurth, A. M. Walker, and R. J. Glynn, Results of multivariable logistic regression, propensity matching, propensity adjustment, and propensity-based weighting under conditions of nonuniform effect, Am J Epidemiol, vol.163, pp.262-70, 2006.

R. Gagliardini, A. Ciccullo, and A. Borghetti, Impact of the M184V resistance mutation on virological efficacy and durability of lamivudine-based dual antiretroviral regimens as maintenance therapy in individuals with suppressed HIV-1 RNA: a cohort study, Open Forum Infect Dis, vol.5, p.113, 2018.

A. Marcelin, C. Charpentier, and M. Wirden, M184V/I as unique NRTI resistance mutation does not impact the efficacy of an abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravi r use as switch in patients with a fully suppressed viral load, 15th European Meeting on HIV & Hepatitis Treatment Strategies & Antiviral Drug Resistance

J. Reynes, N. Meftah, and B. Montes, Dual regimen with dolutegravir and lamivudine maintains virologic suppression even in heavily treatment-experienced HIVinfected patients: 48-week results from a pilot study (DOLULAM), 2016.

M. Aboud, R. Kaplan, and J. Lombaard, Dolutegravir versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir both with dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy in adults with HIV-1 infection in whom first-line therapy has failed (DAWNING): an open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3b trial, Lancet Infect Dis, vol.19, pp.253-64, 2019.

D. Brown, R. Wang, and M. Underwood, DTG VS LPV/R (DAWNING): Efficacy by baseline NRTI resistance and second -line NRTI use, Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), 2019.

G. J. Chen, H. Y. Sun, and S. Y. Chang, Effectiveness of switching from protease inhibitors to dolutegravir in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as maintenance antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive patients, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.54, pp.35-42, 2019.

E. Sörstedt, C. Carlander, and L. Flamholc, Effect of dolutegravir in combination with Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) on people living with HIV who have pre-existing NRTI mutations, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.51, pp.733-741, 2018.

I. P. Valero, J. M. Llibre, and A. Lazzarin, A phase 3b, open-label, pilot study to evaluate switching to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) in virologically-suppressed HIV-1 infected adult subjects harboring the NRTI resistance mutation M184V and/or M184I (GS-US-292-1824), International AIDS Society, vol.38, 2018.

L. C. Swenson, J. E. Min, and C. K. Woods, HIV drug resistance detected during low-level viraemia is associated with subsequent virologic failure, AIDS, vol.28, pp.1125-1159, 2014.

S. Sungkanuparph, R. K. Groger, and E. T. Overton, Persistent low-level viraemia and virological failure in HIV-1-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV Med, vol.7, pp.437-478, 2006.

A. C. Karlsson, S. R. Younger, and J. N. Martin, Immunologic and virologic evolution during periods of intermittent and persistent low-level viremia, AIDS, vol.18, pp.981-990, 2004.

L. E. Hermans, M. Moorhouse, and S. Carmona, Effect of HIV-1 low-level viraemia during antiretroviral therapy on treatment outcomes in WHO-guided South African treatment programmes: a multicentre cohort study, Lancet Infect Dis, vol.18, pp.188-97, 2018.

J. Young, M. Rickenbach, and A. Calmy, Transient detectable viremia and the risk of viral rebound in patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, BMC Infect Dis, vol.15, p.382, 2015.