H. R. Collard and M. I. Schwarz, Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, Clin Chest Med, vol.25, pp.583-92, 2004.

A. R. Lara and M. I. Schwarz, Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, Chest, vol.137, pp.1164-71, 2010.

N. De-prost, A. Parrot, E. Cuquemelle, C. Picard, M. Antoine et al., Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: etiologies and prognosis revisited, Respir Med, vol.106, pp.1021-1053, 2012.

J. Demiselle, J. Auchabie, F. Beloncle, P. Gatault, S. Grangé et al., Patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis admitted to the intensive care unit with acute vasculitis manifestations: a retrospective and comparative multicentric study, Ann Intensive Care, vol.7, p.39, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01522822

G. Dumas, G. Géri, C. Montlahuc, S. Chemam, L. Dangers et al., Outcomes in critically ill patients with systemic rheumatic disease: a multicenter study, Chest, vol.148, pp.927-962, 2015.

M. Yates, R. A. Watts, I. M. Bajema, M. C. Cid, B. Crestani et al., EULAR/ ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.75, pp.1583-94, 2016.

G. K. Bertsias, M. Tektonidou, Z. Amoura, M. Aringer, I. Bajema et al., Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis, Ann Rheum Dis, vol.71, pp.1771-82, 2012.

J. R. Tse, K. E. Schwab, M. Mcmahon, and W. Simon, Rituximab: an emerging treatment for recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus, Lupus, vol.24, pp.756-765, 2015.

R. Cartin-ceba, T. Peikert, A. Ashrani, K. Keogh, M. E. Wylam et al., Primary antiphospholipid syndrome-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), vol.66, pp.301-311, 2014.

R. Cartin-ceba, L. Diaz-caballero, A. Mo, S. Tryfon, F. C. Fervenza et al., Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: predictors of respiratory failure and clinical outcomes, Arthritis Rheumatol, vol.68, pp.1467-76, 2016.

D. Jayne, G. Gaskin, N. Rasmussen, D. Abramowicz, F. Ferrario et al., Randomized trial of plasma exchange or high-dosage methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for severe renal vasculitis, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.18, pp.2180-2188, 2007.

W. M. Szpirt, J. G. Heaf, and J. Petersen, Plasma exchange for induction and cyclosporine a for maintenance of remission in Wegener's granulomatosis--a clinical randomized controlled trial, Nephrol Dial Transplant, vol.26, pp.206-219, 2011.

M. Walsh, P. A. Merkel, C. Peh, W. M. Szpirt, X. Puéchal et al., Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis, N Engl J Med, vol.382, pp.622-653, 2020.

K. De-groot, L. Harper, D. Jayne, F. Suarez, L. F. Gregorini et al., Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized trial, Ann Intern Med, vol.150, pp.670-80, 2009.

R. B. Jones, J. Tervaert, T. Hauser, R. Luqmani, M. D. Morgan et al., Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis, N Engl J Med, vol.363, pp.211-231, 2010.

J. H. Stone, P. A. Merkel, R. Spiera, P. Seo, C. A. Langford et al., Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis, N Engl J Med, vol.363, pp.221-253, 2010.

M. Petri, A. Orbai, G. S. Alarcón, C. Gordon, J. T. Merrill et al., Derivation and validation of systemic lupus international collaborating clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Rheum, vol.64, pp.2677-86, 2012.

J. C. Jennette, R. J. Falk, P. A. Bacon, N. Basu, M. C. Cid et al., revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides, vol.65, pp.1-11, 2012.

S. Miyakis, M. D. Lockshin, T. Atsumi, D. W. Branch, R. L. Brey et al., International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), J Thromb Haemost, vol.4, pp.295-306, 2006.

M. E. Charlson, P. Pompei, K. L. Ales, and C. R. Mackenzie, A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation, J Chronic Dis, vol.40, pp.373-83, 1987.

L. Gall, J. R. Lemeshow, S. Saulnier, and F. , A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study, JAMA, vol.270, pp.2957-63, 1993.

J. Vincent, J. Rello, J. Marshall, E. Silva, A. Anzueto et al., International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units, JAMA, vol.302, pp.2323-2332, 2009.

. Ards-definition-task-force, V. M. Ranieri, G. D. Rubenfeld, B. T. Thompson, N. D. Ferguson et al., Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition, JAMA, vol.307, pp.2526-2533, 2012.

, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) -KDIGO, 2017.

A. Kostianovsky, T. Hauser, C. Pagnoux, P. Cohen, E. Daugas et al., Alveolar haemorrhage in ANCA-associated vasculitides: 80 patients' features and prognostic factors, Clin Exp Rheumatol, vol.30, pp.77-82, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02645757

F. Holguin, B. Ramadan, A. A. Gal, and J. Roman, Prognostic factors for hospital mortality and ICU admission in patients with ANCA-related pulmonary vasculitis, Am J Med Sci, vol.336, pp.321-327, 2008.

Z. Hruskova, A. L. Casian, P. Konopasek, B. Svobodova, D. Frausova et al., Long-term outcome of severe alveolar haemorrhage in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a retrospective cohort study, Scand J Rheumatol, vol.42, pp.211-215, 2013.

C. Rabe, B. Appenrodt, C. Hoff, S. Ewig, H. U. Klehr et al., Severe respiratory failure due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: clinical characteristics and outcome of intensive care, J Crit Care, vol.25, pp.230-235, 2010.

R. Yachoui, R. Sehgal, B. Amlani, and J. W. Goldberg, Antiphospholipid antibodiesassociated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, Semin Arthritis Rheum, vol.44, pp.652-659, 2015.

V. Lemiale, J. Lambert, E. Canet, D. Mokart, F. Pène et al., Identifying cancer subjects with acute respiratory failure at high risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation, Respir Care, vol.59, pp.1517-1540, 2014.

M. Adda, I. Coquet, M. Darmon, G. Thiery, B. Schlemmer et al., Predictors of noninvasive ventilation failure in patients with hematologic malignancy and acute respiratory failure, Crit Care Med, vol.36, pp.2766-72, 2008.

M. Antonelli, G. Conti, M. L. Moro, A. Esquinas, G. Gonzalez-diaz et al., Predictors of failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a multi-center study, Intensive Care Med, vol.27, pp.1718-1746, 2001.

A. Mirouse, P. Vignon, P. Piron, R. Robert, L. Papazian et al., Severe varicella-zoster virus pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study, Crit Care, vol.21, p.137, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01573746

K. Kao, H. Hu, J. Fu, M. Hsieh, Y. Wu et al., Renal replacement therapy in prolonged mechanical ventilation patients with renal failure in Taiwan, J Crit Care, vol.26, pp.600-607, 2011.

, Publisher's Note

, Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations