L. Brown, The Oxford History of the British Empire, 117, 312. See also, for example

. Arielli, From Byron to Bin Laden, vol.8

. Muracciole, Les Français libres, pp.33-37

. Clavin, Time, Manner, Space", 625. See also Clavin, Defining Transnationalism, pp.421-439

C. See, The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade; Stradling, The Irish and the Spanish Civil War

. Baxell, British Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War. For foreign volunteers on the Nationalist side see, for example, Othen, Franco's International Brigades

. Patel, An Emperor without Clothes?

, Foreign War Volunteers in the Twentieth Century, Journal of Modern European History, vol.14, issue.3, 2016.

. Arielli, From Byron to Bin Laden

, For early research in this area see, for example, Brown, Europe in

, The British government's History of the Second World War included 34 volumes on military operations and the War Office produced 30 supplementary volumes

H. Boog, Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, vol.10

, One notable result is Bohler and Gerwarth, The Waffen-SS

, See the special issue on 'Resistance and Collaboration in the Second World War as Transnational Phenomena, in the Journal of Modern European History, vol.16, 2018.

. Wilson, Defining Military Culture". See also Hull, Absolute destruction, p.98

L. Cohen and . Chefs,

. Clavin, Time, Manner, Space, p.633

W. See and . Bruyère-ostells, Histoire des mercenaires

. Les,

, The National Archives of the United Kingdom, Cabinet Papers 66/49/30, Report on the Organisation of Allied Naval, Army and Air Contingents, 1944.

A. Irish-military, Bureau of Military History, Maurice Meade, witness statement 891

N. Arielli and B. Collins, Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era, 2013.

N. Arielli and D. Rodogno, Foreign War Volunteers in the Twentieth Century, special issue. Journal of Modern European History, vol.14, issue.3, 2016.

N. Arielli, From Byron to Bin Laden: A History of Foreign War Volunteers, 2018.

B. Tarak, Soldiers of Empire. Indian and British Armies in World War II, 2017.

R. Baxell and H. Boog, British Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War: The British Battalion in the International Brigades, Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, vol.10, pp.1936-1939, 1979.

J. Bohler and R. Gerwarth, The Waffen-SS: A European History, 2016.

A. Brown and . Airmen-in-exile, ed.s). The Oxford History of the British Empire, The Twentieth Century, Histoire des mercenaires: De 1789 à nos jours. Paris: Tallandier, 2011. Bruyère-Ostells Walter. Dans l'ombre de Bob Denard: Les mercenaires français de, 1960.

P. N. Carroll and P. Clavin, The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, Contemporary European History, vol.14, pp.421-439, 1994.

P. Clavin, Time, Manner, Space: Writing Modern European History in Global, Transnational and International Contexts, European History Quarterly, vol.40, pp.624-667, 2010.

Y. Cohen, Une histoire transnationale du commandement et de l'autorité (1890-1940), 2013.

M. Conway and J. Gotovitch, Europe in Exile: European Exile Communities in Britain 1940-1945, 2001.

E. Destenay, La captivité des prisonniers de guerre irlandais dans les camps allemands: répressions, résistances et transferts de loyauté", Revue historique, vol.678, pp.59-80, 2016.

R. Gerwarth, Resistance and Collaboration in the Second World War as Transnational Phenomena", special issue, Journal of Modern European History, vol.16, issue.2, pp.1917-1923, 2018.

R. ;. Gildea and H. Heyriès, The Garibaldian Volunteers in France during the First World War, Fighters in the Shadows: A New History of the French Resistance, vol.14, pp.359-73, 2015.

I. Hull, Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial German, 2004.

D. Malet, Foreign Fighters: Transnational Identity in Civic Conflicts, 2013.

J. Muracciole, K. Patel, and . Klaus, An Emperor without Clothes? The Debate about Transnational History Twenty-five Years On, Les Français libres. L'autre résistance, 2009.

S. O'connor and M. Gutmann, Under a foreign flag: integrating foreign units and personnel in the British and German armed forces, 1940-1945, Journal of Modern European History, vol.14, issue.3, pp.321-362, 2016.

C. Othen and A. Franco-;-watson, Strachan, Hew. European Armies and the Conduct of War. London, Allen & Unwin, 1983. Stradling, Robert. The Irish and the Spanish Civil War, s International Brigades: Adventurers, Fascists, and Christian Crusaders in the Spanish Civil War. London: C Hurst, vol.126, pp.1137-1166, 1914.

P. H. Wilson, Defining Military Culture, The Journal of Military History, vol.72, issue.1, pp.11-41, 2008.