<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-03199894</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-18T16:57:06+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Figuig and its region in the imagination of the French military in the mid-19th century</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Figuig et sa région dans l’imaginaire des militaires français au milieu du XIXe siècle</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Youness</forename>
                <surname>Khalloufi</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">379f50a6c0d2ee25feca45725a9eda52</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">youness-khalloufi</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1355067</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2526681-1355067</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5931-5418</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-7550"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Agnès</forename>
                <surname>Charpentier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">8c40af4e26befd1e6743b029450ea15c</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
              <ptr type="url" target="https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/member/charpentier-agnes/"/>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">agnes-charpentier</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171834</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">42015-171834</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/058871713</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-9235</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-542221"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-441569"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-551605"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>agnès</forename>
                <surname>charpentier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">8c40af4e26befd1e6743b029450ea15c</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2021-09-13 10:03:48</date>
              <date type="whenWritten">2020-12-30</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-05-18 16:48:02</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2021-09-13 11:24:01</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2021</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2021-09-10</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03199894v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2021-09-10"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="greenPublisher" n="1" target="https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03199894v1/file/04%20KHALOUFI%20Remmm149.pdf" id="file-3341047-2930829">
                <date notBefore="2021-09-10"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="399533">
                <persName>
                  <forename>agnès</forename>
                  <surname>charpentier</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">8c40af4e26befd1e6743b029450ea15c</email>
                <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-03199894</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03199894</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">khalloufi:hal-03199894</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée&lt;/i&gt;, 2021, Le Sahara précolonial : des sociétés en archipel ?, 149, pp.121-144</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 2021, Le Sahara précolonial : des sociétés en archipel ?, 149, pp.121-144</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-3341047-2930829"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SHS">Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS1">Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EPHE">École Pratique des Hautes Études</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AO-HISTOIRE">Archives ouvertes de l'Histoire</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AO-GEOGRAPHIE">Archives ouvertes de la Géographie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OM" corresp="UNIV-PARIS1">ORIENT ET MEDITERRANEE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="HISTOIRE">HISTOIRE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AO-ARCHITECTURE">Archives ouvertes en Architecture et aménagement de l'espace</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ARCHITECTURE">Architecture et aménagement de l'espace</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CAMPUS-AAR">Campus-AAR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AAI">Collection LaCAS - Open Archives in Language and Cultural Area Studies</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSL">Université Paris sciences et lettres</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PUP">Presses universitaires de Provence</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIV" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université 01/01/2018</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-LETTRES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Lettres de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST-DEV">TEST-DEV</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EPHE-PSL" corresp="PSL">École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CDF-PSL" corresp="PSL">Collège de France - PSL </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MOYEN_ORIENT_ET_MONDES_MUSULMANS">Moyen-Orient et Mondes Musulmans</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SUPRA_SHS3467">SUPRA SHS3467</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Figuig and its region in the imagination of the French military in the mid-19th century</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Figuig et sa région dans l’imaginaire des militaires français au milieu du XIXe siècle</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Youness</forename>
                    <surname>Khalloufi</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">379f50a6c0d2ee25feca45725a9eda52</email>
                  <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">youness-khalloufi</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1355067</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2526681-1355067</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5931-5418</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-7550"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Agnès</forename>
                    <surname>Charpentier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">8c40af4e26befd1e6743b029450ea15c</email>
                  <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
                  <ptr type="url" target="https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/member/charpentier-agnes/"/>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">agnes-charpentier</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">171834</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">42015-171834</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/058871713</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-9235</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-542221"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-441569"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-551605"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">26656</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0997-1327</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">2105-2271</idno>
                <title level="j">Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Association pour l'étude des sciences humaines en Afrique du Nord et au Proche-Orient</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="serie">Le Sahara précolonial : des sociétés en archipel ?</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">149</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">121-144</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2021</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2021</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <ref type="publisher">https://doi.org/10.4000/remmm.14804</ref>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="fr">French</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">French conquest</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Saharan Atlas</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">social organization</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">19th century</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Ksour Range</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">settlement</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">itineraries</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Figuig</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Organisation sociale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Touat</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Peuplement humain</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Itinéraires historiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Atlas saharien</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">organisation sociale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">peuplement</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">itinéraires</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">XIX SIECLE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Mont des Ksour</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">conquête française</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Figuig</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Conquête coloniale française</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.hist">Humanities and Social Sciences/History</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.archi">Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.geo">Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In 1845, the treaty of Lalla Maghnia detached Figuig from the Ksour Mountain Range to which the oasis had been connected. It was also the beginning of a new period of expeditions that would lead the military into the Sahara. Analysis of archives dating from the second half of the 19th century shows how invading armies apprehended these new territories and their populations. These results, completed by medieval or modern sources, allow researchers to situate this image within a larger diachrony, and thus to better understand the history of the region through two topics : settlement and social organization, and the role of transportation routes. Concepts developed in the mid-nineteenth century would influence future expeditions nd ways of apprehending Saharan society.</p>
            </abstract>
            <abstract xml:lang="fr">
              <p>En 1845, le traité de Lalla Maghnia sépare Figuig du Mont des Ksour auquel l'oasis était reliée. Il marque également le début d'une nouvelle période d'expéditions qui mènera les militaires jusqu'aux limites du Sahara. L'analyse des archives datées de la deuxième moitié du xix e siècle montre comment les conquérants ont appréhendé ces nouveaux territoires et les populations qui les habitent. Ces résultats, confrontés aux sources médiévales ou modernes permettent de situer cette image dans une diachronie plus longue et ainsi de mieux saisir l'histoire de la région à travers deux thématiques : le peuplement et l'organisation sociale puis le rôle des itinéraires. L'image élaborée à ce moment-là influera sur les expéditions futures et la façon d'appréhender la société saharienne.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-7550" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">027361802</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">000000012173743X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/002t25c44</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UP1</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>12 place du Panthéon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.pantheonsorbonne.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-542221" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">149209614</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200612819M</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/051gvfp41</idno>
          <orgName>ORIENT ET MÉDITERRANÉE : Textes, Archéologie, Histoire</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">OM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus CNRS de Villejuif,7 rue Guy Môquet, 94800 Villejuif</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.orient-mediterranee.com/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR8167" active="#struct-7550" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-110691" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300026" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-413221" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8167" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-551605" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Équipe Islam médiéval</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">OM-IM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/spip.php?rubrique570</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-413221" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-542221" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8167" active="#struct-7550" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-110691" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300026" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR8167" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-110691" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026375478</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121955365</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/046b3cj80</idno>
          <orgName>École Pratique des Hautes Études</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EPHE</orgName>
          <date type="start">1868-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4-14 Rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ephe.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-564132" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241597595</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 3645</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013cjyk83</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PSL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue Mazarine 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300026" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Collège de France</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CdF (institution)</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-413221" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">221333754</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Sorbonne Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2018-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>21 rue de l’École de médecine - 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>