In 1987, Dr. Goldman-Rakic (1987) described the circuitry of the primate prefrontal cortex and its role in regulating behavior. This landmark work contained less than one page of material about the orbitofrontal subdivision of the prefrontal cortex, and only nine articles published that year included the term “orbitofrontal.”1 Indeed, the first attempts to gather the ideas in a special issue at that time was titled “The Mysterious Orbitofrontal Cortex” (Schultz & Cavada, 2000). From this inauspicious beginning, our knowledge regarding orbitofrontal function has grown exponentially; last year there were 714 articles published containing the term “orbitofrontal,” and our understanding of this broad swath of cortex has arguably come to eclipse that of any other prefrontal region.