Introduction MobiliSense explores effects of air pollution and noise related to personal transport habits on respiratory and cardiovascular health. Its objectives are to quantify the contribution of personal transport/mobility to air pollution and noise exposures of individuals; to compare exposures in different transport modes; and to investigate whether total and transport-related personal exposures are associated with short-term and longer-term changes in respiratory and cardiovascular health. Methods and analysis MobiliSense uses sensors of location, behaviour, environmental nuisances and health in 290 census-sampled participants followedup after 1/2 years with an identical sensor-based strategy. It addresses knowledge gaps by: (1) assessing transport behaviour over 6 days with GPS receivers and GPS-based mobility surveys; (2) considering personal exposures to both air pollution and noise and improving their characterisation (inhaled doses, noise frequency components, etc); (3) measuring respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes (smartphone-assessed respiratory symptoms, lung function with spirometry, resting blood pressure, ambulatory brachial/central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and heart rate variability) and (4) investigating short-term and longer-term (over 1-2 years) effects of transport. Ethics and dissemination The sampling and data collection protocol was approved by the National Council for Statistical Information, the French Data Protection Authority and the Ethical Committee of Inserm. Our final aim is to determine, for communicating with policymakers, how scenarios of changes in personal transport behaviour affect individual exposure and health.