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                <term xml:lang="en">GlyR</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">single-molecule localization microscopy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">sub-synaptic domains</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">GABA A R</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy GABA A R GlyR single-molecule localization microscopy sub-synaptic domains Subject Category Neuroscience</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">sub-synaptic domains Subject Category Neuroscience</term>
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              <p>Super-resolution imaging has revealed that key synaptic proteins are dynamically organized within sub-synaptic domains (SSDs). To examine how different inhibitory receptors are regulated, we carried out dual-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) of GlyRs and GABAA Rs at mixed inhibitory synapses in spinal cord neurons. We show that endogenous GlyRs and GABAA Rs as well as their common scaffold protein gephyrin form SSDs that align with pre-synaptic RIM1/2, thus creating trans-synaptic nanocolumns. Strikingly, GlyRs and GABAA Rs occupy different sub-synaptic spaces, exhibiting only a partial overlap at mixed inhibitory synapses. When network activity is increased by 4-aminopyridine treatment, the GABAA R copy numbers and the number of GABAA R SSDs are reduced, while GlyRs remain largely unchanged. This differential regulation is likely the result of changes in gephyrin phosphorylation that preferentially occurs outside of SSDs. The activity-dependent regulation of GABAA Rs versus GlyRs suggests that different signaling pathways control the receptors' sub-synaptic clustering. Taken together, our data reinforce the notion that the precise sub-synaptic organization of GlyRs, GABAA Rs, and gephyrin has functional consequences for the plasticity of mixed inhibitory synapses.</p>
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              <p>L'imagerie à super-résolution a révélé que les protéines synaptiques clés sont organisées dynamiquement au sein de domaines sous-synaptiques (SSD). Pour examiner comment différents récepteurs inhibiteurs sont régulés, nous avons effectué une microscopie de reconstruction optique stochastique directe bicolore (dSTORM) de GlyRs et GABAA Rs au niveau de synapses inhibitrices mixtes dans les neurones de la moelle épinière. Nous montrons que les GlyR et GABAA endogènes ainsi que leur protéine d'échafaudage commune, la géphyrine, forment des SSD qui s'alignent avec le RIM1/2 pré-synaptique, créant ainsi des nanocolonnes trans-synaptiques. De manière frappante, les GlyR et les GABAA R occupent différents espaces sous-synaptiques, ne présentant qu'un chevauchement partiel au niveau des synapses inhibitrices mixtes. Lorsque l'activité du réseau est augmentée par un traitement à la 4-aminopyridine, le nombre de copies GABAA R et le nombre de SSD GABAA R sont réduits, tandis que les GlyR restent largement inchangés. Cette régulation différentielle est probablement le résultat de changements dans la phosphorylation de la géphyrine qui se produisent préférentiellement en dehors des SSD. La régulation dépendante de l'activité des GABAA Rs par rapport aux GlyRs suggère que différentes voies de signalisation contrôlent le regroupement sous-synaptique des récepteurs. Pris ensemble, nos données renforcent l'idée que l'organisation sous-synaptique précise des GlyR, des GABAA R et de la géphyrine a des conséquences fonctionnelles sur la plasticité des synapses inhibitrices mixtes.</p>
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