S. Institut-de, Evolution et Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle

, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

, Laboratoire Biologie Intégrative des Populations

O. Coyne and . Carter, En outre, j'ai suggéré que l'évolution de l'architecture génétique des caractères adaptatifs est associée avec le régime de sélection agissant sur ces traits. Plus précisément, j'ai trouvé qu'une architecture à plusieurs gènes comme celle existant dans les deux espèces étudiées ici ainsi que dans la plupart des autres espèces d'Heliconius, semble être l'état ancestral. Cette architecture est associée à la sélection directionnelle pour le mimétisme local et conduit à un monomorphisme local. En revanche, l'architecture à un seul locus (c'est-à-dire un supergène), est restreinte à H. numata et est apparemment l'état dérivé. Le supergène est associée à une sélection équilibrante, .1. Introduction J'ai étudié l'architecture génétique et écologique de la diversification phénotypique des papillons, en contrastant des cas de divergence phénotypique au sein d'une espèce avec des cas de convergence et de divergence phénotypique impliquant des différentes espèces, 1980.

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. .. , 14 2 Examples of mimicry rings formed by several toxic neo-tropical butterfly species, p.15

. .. , 27 6 The allopatry/sympatry spectrum, using spatial definitions, p.29

, 43 9 Phylogenetic relationships and candidate genes for pelvic reduction in threespine and ninespine sticklebacks, Distinctive plumage ornamentation among duck species despite high levels of interspecific

H. M. Erato and . .. .-;-h.-hecale, 51 14 Local polymorphism in H, The parallel radiation of mimetic colour-pattern complexes in Heliconius, p.52

, Summary of crosses performed in Heliconius hecale and H. ismenius, p.58

H. .. Hecale, Fine mapping of wing patterning loci in H, p.61

, Phenotypic effect of Mendelian wing-patterning loci and major identified QTLs, vol.64

, Conservatism and novelty in the genetic architecture underlying the diversity of Heliconius wing patterns

, Number of retained positions after filtering

, Linkage map of Heliconius hecale derived from the H. hecale melicerta×H. hecale zuleika cross

, Linkage map of Heliconius hecale derived from the H. hecale melicerta×H. hecale clearei cross

, Linkage map of Heliconius ismenius derived from the H. ismenius boulleti×H. ismenius telchinia cross

. .. , 100 1.11 Detail of QTL mapping around the highest peaks of LOD score in each cross, Genomic position for each colour locus on its linkage group, p.101

, Genomic position and phenotypic effect of suggestive QTLs, p.103

. .. , Sampling sites and studied populations on the analysed transect, vol.108, p.195

, Sample of pure and hybrid phenotypes at the color genes accross Panama, p.109

, Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) of the microsatellite data, p.112

, Genome-wide genetic differentiation (Fst) between H. hecale

, Phenotypic clines for the three wing colour loci and distribution of genotypic classes along the studied transect

, Male choice of H. hecale melicerta and H. hecale zuleika between female wing models of both races

, Partial representation of tiger-patterned mimicry rings in Panama, p.120

, Genome-wide differentiation (Fst) between H. hecale zuleika and H. h. melicerta and nucleotide diversity of both races

, 133 3.2 Results of the genomic analyses used to test for gene flow between species H, Distribution and sampling localities of the subspecies of Heliconius hecale and H. ismenius involved in this study

, Genome-wide genetic differentiation (Fst) between H. hecale and H. ismenius and nucleotide diversity of the mimetic sympatric races

A. Four-clade and . .. Test-of-introgression, 143 3.5 Synthetic diagram of the main steps of courting and mating behaviour of Heliconius hecale

, Comparison of interspecific and intraspecific male-female encounters, p.144

, Male choice of H. hecale melicerta and H. ismenius boulleti between female wings models of both species

, Summary of the behavioural experiments to test for female choice in H. hecale based on visual cues

H. , H. Ismenius, and .. .. , 149 3.11 Analysis of the chemical composition of the cuticule in the basis of the wings of H. hecale melicerta and H. ismenius boulleti

, Hypothetical representation of the evolution of supergene P from an ancestral multilocus architecture

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