The development of urology over the years has been advancing along with that of stone disease. The management of patients affected with urolithiasis remains a major public health issue worldwide with a constant increase in its prevalence and incidence. Over the last three decades, the technological innovations have significantly reduced complications of open surgery while optimizing stone-free rate. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms of stone formation has allowed to identify lifestyle changes and specific drugs which should be adopted for reducing the risk of stone recurrence.(...)