Core-shell nanoparticle erbium-doped fibers for next generation amplifiers
Résumé
New generation systems are expected to include more intelligent amplifiers able to adapt to many conditions including different gains, channel load, temperature, aging and transient events.1 To face the challenge and meet these new requirements, having an accurate control on the Er environment within the fiber core matrix has never appeared to be so necessary and predominant as it is the case now. Unlike conventional solution doping techniques where Erbium ions are randomly incorporated in the fiber core, our process makes use of a soft chemical synthesis to initially produce Erbium-doped nanoparticles (NPs). Erbium ions are therefore incorporated in the fiber core together with their local environment. So far, our investigations2 first showed that, from the material point of view, quenching levels are intimately linked to the design of the NPs through their chemical composition. Then, from the system perspective, we evidenced the higher power conversion efficiencies exhibited by NP fibers when compared to their conventional counterparts in high power amplifier configurations. In this paper, we address our most recent work focusing on the NP optimisation towards quenching-free Erbiumdoped fibers with a particular focus on core-shell alumino-silicate NPs. Completing our first amplifier results obtained in high power configurations, we also explore new NP fiber profiles that extend the range of their applications. Gain and noise characteristics of typical WDM operating points serve as key indicators on the benefits our NP doping process could provide.