Organophosphorus compounds constitute an important class of pesticides whose the toxicity of which arises from the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. They exhibit a wide range of physico-chemical properties, thus rendering their determination in complex oil samples particularly difficult. To facilitate their analysis at the trace level in various samples (environmental waters, soils, vegetables…), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that are synthetic polymers possessing specific cavities designed for a target molecule have been prepared. Often called synthetic antibodies, MIPs can replace antibodies in different application fields. Indeed, as immunosorbents, MIPs can be used as selective sorbents for the solid phase extraction of target analytes from complex matrices or as recognition elements in sensors. Their synthesis, characterization and use as selective sorbent for the selective recognition of organophosphorus pesticides have been already largely described and are summarized in this review.