Spin fragmentation of Bose–Einstein condensates with antiferromagnetic interactions
Abstract
We study spin fragmentation of an antiferromagnetic spin 1 condensate in the presence of a quadratic Zeeman (QZ) effect breaking spin rotational symmetry. We describe how the QZ effect turns a fragmented spin state, with large fluctuations of the Zeeman populations, into a regular polar condensate, where the atoms all condense in the m = 0 state along the field direction. We calculate the average value and variance of the population of the Zeeman state m = 0 to illustrate clearly the crossover from a fragmented to an unfragmented state. The typical width of this crossover is q ~ kBT/N, where q is the QZ energy, T the spin temperature and N the atom number. This shows that the spin fluctuations are a mesoscopic effect that will not survive in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞, but are observable for a sufficiently small atom number.
Domains
Physics [physics]Origin | Publication funded by an institution |
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