Evidence of causal effect of major depression on alcohol dependence: findings from the psychiatric genomics consortium
Renato Polimanti
(1, 2)
,
Roseann Peterson
(3)
,
Jue-Sheng Ong
(4)
,
Stuart Macgregor
(4)
,
Alexis Edwards
(3)
,
Toni-Kim Clarke
(5)
,
Josef Frank
(6)
,
Zachary Gerring
(4)
,
Nathan Gillespie
(3)
,
Penelope Lind
(4)
,
Hermine Maes
(3)
,
Nicholas Martin
(4)
,
Hamdi Mbarek
(7)
,
Sarah Medland
(4)
,
Fabian Streit
(6)
,
Arpana Agrawal
(8)
,
Howard Edenberg
(9)
,
Kenneth Kendler
(3)
,
Cathryn Lewis
(10)
,
Patrick Sullivan
(11)
,
Naomi Wray
(12)
,
Joel Gelernter
(1, 2)
,
Eske Derks
(4)
,
Naomi R. Wray
,
Stephan Ripke
,
Manuel Mattheisen
,
Maciej Trzaskowski
,
Enda M. Byrne
,
Abdel Abdellaoui
,
Mark J. Adams
,
Esben Agerbo
,
Tracy M. Air
,
Till M. F. Andlauer
,
Silviu-Alin Bacanu
,
Marie Bækvad-Hansen
,
Aartjan F. T. Beekman
,
Tim B. Bigdeli
,
Elisabeth B. Binder
,
Douglas R. H. Blackwood
,
Julien Bryois
,
Henriette N. Buttenschøn
,
Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
,
Na Cai
,
Enrique Castelao
,
Jane Hvarregaard Christensen
,
Toni-Kim Clarke
,
Jonathan I. R. Coleman
,
Lucía Colodro-Conde
,
Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
(13)
,
Nick Craddock
,
Gregory E. Crawford
,
Cheynna A. Crowley
,
Hassan S. Dashti
,
Gail Davies
,
Ian J. Deary
,
Franziska Degenhardt
,
Eske M. Derks
,
Nese Direk
,
Conor V. Dolan
,
Erin C. Dunn
,
Thalia C. Eley
,
Nicholas Eriksson
,
Valentina Escott-Price
,
Farnush Hassan Farhadi Kiadeh
,
Hilary K. Finucane
,
Andreas J. Forstner
,
Josef Frank
,
Héléna A. Gaspar
,
Michael Gill
,
Paola Giusti-Rodríguez
,
Fernando S. Goes
,
Scott D. Gordon
,
Jakob Grove
,
Lynsey S. Hall
,
Eilis Hannon
,
Christine Søholm Hansen
,
Thomas F. Hansen
,
Stefan Herms
,
Ian B. Hickie
,
Per Hoffmann
,
Georg Homuth
,
Carsten Horn
,
Jouke-Jan Hottenga
,
David M. Hougaard
,
Ming Hu
,
Craig L. Hyde
,
Marcus Ising
,
Rick Jansen
,
Fulai Jin
,
Eric Jorgenson
,
James A. Knowles
,
Isaac S. Kohane
,
Julia Kraft
,
Warren W. Kretzschmar
,
Jesper Krogh
,
Zoltán Kutalik
,
Jacqueline M. Lane
,
Yihan Li
,
Yun Li
,
Penelope A. Lind
,
Xiaoxiao Liu
,
Leina Lu
,
Donald J. Macintyre
,
Dean F. Mackinnon
,
Robert M. Maier
,
Wolfgang Maier
,
Jonathan Marchini
,
Hamdi Mbarek
,
Patrick Mcgrath
,
Peter Mcguffin
,
Sarah E. Medland
,
Divya Mehta
,
Christel M. Middeldorp
,
Evelin Mihailov
,
Yuri Milaneschi
,
Lili Milani
,
Jonathan Mill
,
Francis M. Mondimore
,
Grant W. Montgomery
,
Sara Mostafavi
,
Niamh Mullins
,
Matthias Nauck
,
Bernard Ng
,
Michel G. Nivard
,
Dale R. Nyholt
,
Paul F. O’reilly
,
Hogni Oskarsson
,
Michael J. Owen
,
Jodie N. Painter
,
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
,
Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
,
Roseann E. Peterson
,
Erik Pettersson
,
Wouter J. Peyrot
,
Giorgio Pistis
,
Danielle Posthuma
,
Shaun M. Purcell
,
Jorge A. Quiroz
,
Per Qvist
,
John P. Rice
,
Brien P. Riley
,
Margarita Rivera
,
Saira Saeed Mirza
,
Richa Saxena
,
Robert Schoevers
,
Eva C. Schulte
,
Ling Shen
,
Jianxin Shi
,
Stanley I. Shyn
,
Engilbert Sigurdsson
,
Grant B. C. Sinnamon
,
Johannes H. Smit
,
Daniel J. Smith
,
Hreinn Stefansson
,
Stacy Steinberg
,
Craig A. Stockmeier
,
Fabian Streit
,
Jana Strohmaier
,
Katherine E. Tansey
,
Henning Teismann
,
Alexander Teumer
,
Wesley Thompson
,
Pippa A. Thomson
,
Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson
,
Chao Tian
,
Matthew Traylor
,
Jens Treutlein
,
Vassily Trubetskoy
,
André G. Uitterlinden
,
Daniel Umbricht
,
Sandra van Der Auwera
,
Albert M. Van Hemert
,
Alexander Viktorin
,
Peter M. Visscher
,
Yunpeng Wang
,
Bradley T. Webb
,
Shantel Marie Weinsheimer
,
Jürgen Wellmann
,
Gonneke Willemsen
,
Stephanie H. Witt
,
Yang Wu
,
Hualin S. Xi
,
Jian Yang
,
Futao Zhang
,
Volker Arolt
,
Bernhard T. Baune
,
Klaus Berger
,
Dorret I. Boomsma
,
Sven Cichon
,
Udo Dannlowski
,
E. C. J. De Geus
,
J. Raymond Depaulo
,
Enrico Domenici
,
Katharina Domschke
,
Tõnu Esko
,
Hans J. Grabe
,
Steven P. Hamilton
,
Caroline Hayward
,
Andrew C. Heath
,
David A. Hinds
,
Kenneth S. Kendler
,
Stefan Kloiber
,
Glyn Lewis
,
Qingqin S. Li
,
Susanne Lucae
,
Pamela F. A. Madden
,
Patrik K. Magnusson
,
Nicholas G. Martin
,
Andrew M. Mcintosh
,
Andres Metspalu
,
Ole Mors
,
Preben Bo Mortensen
,
Bertram Müller-Myhsok
,
Merete Nordentoft
,
Markus M. Nöthen
,
Michael C. O’donovan
,
Sara A. Paciga
,
Nancy L. Pedersen
,
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
,
Roy H. Perlis
,
David J. Porteous
,
James B. Potash
,
Martin Preisig
,
Marcella Rietschel
,
Catherine Schaefer
,
Thomas G. Schulze
,
Jordan W. Smoller
,
Kari Stefansson
,
Henning Tiemeier
,
Rudolf Uher
,
Henry Völzke
,
Myrna M. Weissman
,
Thomas Werge
,
Ashley R. Winslow
,
Cathryn M. Lewis
,
Douglas F. Levinson
,
Gerome Breen
,
Anders D. Børglum
,
Patrick F. Sullivan
,
Raymond K. Walters
,
Renato Polimanti
,
Emma C. Johnson
,
Jeanette N. Mcclintick
,
Mark J. Adams
,
Amy E. Adkins
,
Fazil Aliev
,
Silviu-Alin Bacanu
,
Anthony Batzler
,
Sarah Bertelsen
,
Joanna M. Biernacka
,
Tim B. Bigdeli
,
Li-Shiun Chen
,
Toni-Kim Clarke
,
Yi-Ling Chou
,
Franziska Degenhardt
,
Anna R. Docherty
,
Alexis C. Edwards
,
Pierre Fontanillas
,
Jerome C. Foo
,
Louis Fox
,
Josef Frank
,
Ina Giegling
,
Scott Gordon
,
Laura M. Hack
,
Annette M. Hartmann
,
Sarah M. Hartz
,
Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
,
Stefan Herms
,
Colin Hodgkinson
,
Per Hoffmann
,
Jouke Jan Hottenga
,
Martin A. Kennedy
,
Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen
,
Bettina Konte
,
Jari Lahti
,
Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
,
Dongbing Lai
,
Lannie Ligthart
,
Anu Loukola
,
Brion S. Maher
,
Hamdi Mbarek
,
Andrew M. Mcintosh
,
Matthew B. Mcqueen
,
Jacquelyn L. Meyers
,
Yuri Milaneschi
,
Teemu Palviainen
,
John F. Pearson
,
Roseann E. Peterson
,
Samuli Ripatti
,
Euijung Ryu
,
Nancy L. Saccone
,
Jessica E. Salvatore
,
Sandra Sanchez-Roige
,
Melanie Schwandt
,
Richard Sherva
,
Fabian Streit
,
Jana Strohmaier
,
Nathaniel Thomas
,
Jen-Chyong Wang
,
Bradley T. Webb
,
Robbee Wedow
,
Leah Wetherill
,
Amanda G. Wills
,
Jason D. Boardman
,
Danfeng Chen
,
Doo-Sup Choi
,
William E. Copeland
,
Robert C. Culverhouse
,
Norbert Dahmen
,
Louisa Degenhardt
,
Benjamin W. Domingue
,
Sarah L. Elson
,
Mark A. Frye
,
Wolfgang Gäbel
,
Caroline Hayward
,
Marcus Ising
,
Margaret Keyes
,
Falk Kiefer
,
John Kramer
,
Samuel Kuperman
,
Susanne Lucae
,
Michael T. Lynskey
,
Wolfgang Maier
,
Karl Mann
,
Satu Männistö
,
Bertram Müller-Myhsok
,
Alison D. Murray
,
John I. Nurnberger
,
Aarno Palotie
,
Ulrich Preuss
,
Katri Räikkönen
,
Maureen D Reynolds
,
Monika Ridinger
,
Norbert Scherbaum
,
Marc A. Schuckit
,
Michael Soyka
,
Jens Treutlein
,
Stephanie Witt
,
Norbert Wodarz
,
Peter Zill
,
Daniel E. Adkins
,
Joseph M. Boden
,
Dorret I. Boomsma
,
Laura J. Bierut
,
Sandra A. Brown
,
Kathleen K. Bucholz
,
Sven Cichon
,
E. Jane Costello
,
Harriet De Wit
,
Nancy Diazgranados
,
Danielle M. Dick
,
Johan G. Eriksson
,
Lindsay A. Farrer
,
Tatiana M. Foroud
,
Nathan Gillespie
,
Alison M. Goate
,
David Goldman
,
Richard A. Grucza
,
Dana Hancock
,
Kathleen Mullan Harris
,
Andrew C. Heath
,
Victor Hesselbrock
,
John K. Hewitt
,
Christian J. Hopfer
,
John Horwood
,
William Iacono
,
Eric O. Johnson
,
Jaakko A. Kaprio
,
Victor M. Karpyak
,
Kenneth S. Kendler
,
Henry R. Kranzler
,
Kenneth Krauter
,
Paul Lichtenstein
,
Penelope A. Lind
,
Matt Mcgue
,
James Mackillop
,
Pamela A. F. Madden
,
Hermine H. Maes
,
Patrik Magnusson
,
Nicholas G. Martin
,
Sarah E. Medland
,
Grant W. Montgomery
,
Elliot C. Nelson
,
Markus M. Nöthen
,
Abraham A. Palmer
,
Nancy L. Pedersen
,
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
,
Bernice Porjesz
,
John P. Rice
,
Marcella Rietschel
,
Brien P. Riley
,
Richard Rose
,
Dan Rujescu
,
Pei-Hong Shen
,
Judy Silberg
,
Michael C. Stallings
,
Ralph E. Tarter
,
Michael M. Vanyukov
,
Scott Vrieze
,
Tamara L. Wall
,
John B. Whitfield
,
Hongyu Zhao
,
Benjamin M. Neale
,
Joel Gelernter
,
Howard J. Edenberg
,
Arpana Agrawal
,
Michelle Agee
,
Babak Alipanahi
,
Adam Auton
,
Robert K. Bell
,
Katarzyna Bryc
,
Sarah L. Elson
,
Pierre Fontanillas
,
Nicholas A. Furlotte
,
David A. Hinds
,
Karen E. Huber
,
Aaron Kleinman
,
Nadia K. Litterman
,
Matthew H. Mcintyre
,
Joanna L. Mountain
,
Elizabeth S. Noblin
,
Carrie A.M. Northover
,
Steven J. Pitts
,
J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti
,
Olga V. Sazonova
,
Janie F. Shelton
,
Suyash Shringarpure
,
Chao Tian
,
Joyce Y. Tung
,
Vladimir Vacic
,
Catherine H. Wilson
1
YSM -
Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut]
2 VA Connecticut Healthcare System
3 VCU - Virginia Commonwealth University
4 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
5 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
6 University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty
7 VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]
8 WUSTL - Washington University in Saint Louis
9 Indiana University School of Medicine
10 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
11 Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
12 Institute for Molecular Bioscience
13 ICM - Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute
2 VA Connecticut Healthcare System
3 VCU - Virginia Commonwealth University
4 QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
5 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
6 University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty
7 VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]
8 WUSTL - Washington University in Saint Louis
9 Indiana University School of Medicine
10 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London
11 Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]
12 Institute for Molecular Bioscience
13 ICM - Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute
Renato Polimanti
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1379050
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0745-6046
Naomi R. Wray
- Function : Author
Stephan Ripke
- Function : Author
Manuel Mattheisen
- Function : Author
Maciej Trzaskowski
- Function : Author
Enda M. Byrne
- Function : Author
Abdel Abdellaoui
- Function : Author
Mark J. Adams
- Function : Author
Esben Agerbo
- Function : Author
Tracy M. Air
- Function : Author
Till M. F. Andlauer
- Function : Author
Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Function : Author
Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- Function : Author
Aartjan F. T. Beekman
- Function : Author
Tim B. Bigdeli
- Function : Author
Elisabeth B. Binder
- Function : Author
Douglas R. H. Blackwood
- Function : Author
Julien Bryois
- Function : Author
Henriette N. Buttenschøn
- Function : Author
Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- Function : Author
Na Cai
- Function : Author
Enrique Castelao
- Function : Author
Jane Hvarregaard Christensen
- Function : Author
Toni-Kim Clarke
- Function : Author
Jonathan I. R. Coleman
- Function : Author
Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Function : Author
Nick Craddock
- Function : Author
Gregory E. Crawford
- Function : Author
Cheynna A. Crowley
- Function : Author
Hassan S. Dashti
- Function : Author
Gail Davies
- Function : Author
Ian J. Deary
- Function : Author
Franziska Degenhardt
- Function : Author
Eske M. Derks
- Function : Author
Nese Direk
- Function : Author
Conor V. Dolan
- Function : Author
Erin C. Dunn
- Function : Author
Thalia C. Eley
- Function : Author
Nicholas Eriksson
- Function : Author
Valentina Escott-Price
- Function : Author
Farnush Hassan Farhadi Kiadeh
- Function : Author
Hilary K. Finucane
- Function : Author
Andreas J. Forstner
- Function : Author
Josef Frank
- Function : Author
Héléna A. Gaspar
- Function : Author
Michael Gill
- Function : Author
Paola Giusti-Rodríguez
- Function : Author
Fernando S. Goes
- Function : Author
Scott D. Gordon
- Function : Author
Jakob Grove
- Function : Author
Lynsey S. Hall
- Function : Author
Eilis Hannon
- Function : Author
Christine Søholm Hansen
- Function : Author
Thomas F. Hansen
- Function : Author
Stefan Herms
- Function : Author
Ian B. Hickie
- Function : Author
Per Hoffmann
- Function : Author
Georg Homuth
- Function : Author
Carsten Horn
- Function : Author
Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Function : Author
David M. Hougaard
- Function : Author
Ming Hu
- Function : Author
Craig L. Hyde
- Function : Author
Marcus Ising
- Function : Author
Rick Jansen
- Function : Author
Fulai Jin
- Function : Author
Eric Jorgenson
- Function : Author
James A. Knowles
- Function : Author
Isaac S. Kohane
- Function : Author
Julia Kraft
- Function : Author
Warren W. Kretzschmar
- Function : Author
Jesper Krogh
- Function : Author
Zoltán Kutalik
- Function : Author
Jacqueline M. Lane
- Function : Author
Yihan Li
- Function : Author
Yun Li
- Function : Author
Penelope A. Lind
- Function : Author
Xiaoxiao Liu
- Function : Author
Leina Lu
- Function : Author
Donald J. Macintyre
- Function : Author
Dean F. Mackinnon
- Function : Author
Robert M. Maier
- Function : Author
Wolfgang Maier
- Function : Author
Jonathan Marchini
- Function : Author
Hamdi Mbarek
- Function : Author
Patrick Mcgrath
- Function : Author
Peter Mcguffin
- Function : Author
Sarah E. Medland
- Function : Author
Divya Mehta
- Function : Author
Christel M. Middeldorp
- Function : Author
Evelin Mihailov
- Function : Author
Yuri Milaneschi
- Function : Author
Lili Milani
- Function : Author
Jonathan Mill
- Function : Author
Francis M. Mondimore
- Function : Author
Grant W. Montgomery
- Function : Author
Sara Mostafavi
- Function : Author
Niamh Mullins
- Function : Author
Matthias Nauck
- Function : Author
Bernard Ng
- Function : Author
Michel G. Nivard
- Function : Author
Dale R. Nyholt
- Function : Author
Paul F. O’reilly
- Function : Author
Hogni Oskarsson
- Function : Author
Michael J. Owen
- Function : Author
Jodie N. Painter
- Function : Author
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- Function : Author
Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- Function : Author
Roseann E. Peterson
- Function : Author
Erik Pettersson
- Function : Author
Wouter J. Peyrot
- Function : Author
Giorgio Pistis
- Function : Author
Danielle Posthuma
- Function : Author
Shaun M. Purcell
- Function : Author
Jorge A. Quiroz
- Function : Author
Per Qvist
- Function : Author
John P. Rice
- Function : Author
Brien P. Riley
- Function : Author
Margarita Rivera
- Function : Author
Saira Saeed Mirza
- Function : Author
Richa Saxena
- Function : Author
Robert Schoevers
- Function : Author
Eva C. Schulte
- Function : Author
Ling Shen
- Function : Author
Jianxin Shi
- Function : Author
Stanley I. Shyn
- Function : Author
Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Function : Author
Grant B. C. Sinnamon
- Function : Author
Johannes H. Smit
- Function : Author
Daniel J. Smith
- Function : Author
Hreinn Stefansson
- Function : Author
Stacy Steinberg
- Function : Author
Craig A. Stockmeier
- Function : Author
Fabian Streit
- Function : Author
Jana Strohmaier
- Function : Author
Katherine E. Tansey
- Function : Author
Henning Teismann
- Function : Author
Alexander Teumer
- Function : Author
Wesley Thompson
- Function : Author
Pippa A. Thomson
- Function : Author
Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson
- Function : Author
Chao Tian
- Function : Author
Matthew Traylor
- Function : Author
Jens Treutlein
- Function : Author
Vassily Trubetskoy
- Function : Author
André G. Uitterlinden
- Function : Author
Daniel Umbricht
- Function : Author
Sandra van Der Auwera
- Function : Author
Albert M. Van Hemert
- Function : Author
Alexander Viktorin
- Function : Author
Peter M. Visscher
- Function : Author
Yunpeng Wang
- Function : Author
Bradley T. Webb
- Function : Author
Shantel Marie Weinsheimer
- Function : Author
Jürgen Wellmann
- Function : Author
Gonneke Willemsen
- Function : Author
Stephanie H. Witt
- Function : Author
Yang Wu
- Function : Author
Hualin S. Xi
- Function : Author
Jian Yang
- Function : Author
Futao Zhang
- Function : Author
Volker Arolt
- Function : Author
Bernhard T. Baune
- Function : Author
Klaus Berger
- Function : Author
Dorret I. Boomsma
- Function : Author
Sven Cichon
- Function : Author
Udo Dannlowski
- Function : Author
E. C. J. De Geus
- Function : Author
J. Raymond Depaulo
- Function : Author
Enrico Domenici
- Function : Author
Katharina Domschke
- Function : Author
Tõnu Esko
- Function : Author
Hans J. Grabe
- Function : Author
Steven P. Hamilton
- Function : Author
Caroline Hayward
- Function : Author
Andrew C. Heath
- Function : Author
David A. Hinds
- Function : Author
Kenneth S. Kendler
- Function : Author
Stefan Kloiber
- Function : Author
Glyn Lewis
- Function : Author
Qingqin S. Li
- Function : Author
Susanne Lucae
- Function : Author
Pamela F. A. Madden
- Function : Author
Patrik K. Magnusson
- Function : Author
Nicholas G. Martin
- Function : Author
Andrew M. Mcintosh
- Function : Author
Andres Metspalu
- Function : Author
Ole Mors
- Function : Author
Preben Bo Mortensen
- Function : Author
Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Function : Author
Merete Nordentoft
- Function : Author
Markus M. Nöthen
- Function : Author
Michael C. O’donovan
- Function : Author
Sara A. Paciga
- Function : Author
Nancy L. Pedersen
- Function : Author
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Function : Author
Roy H. Perlis
- Function : Author
David J. Porteous
- Function : Author
James B. Potash
- Function : Author
Martin Preisig
- Function : Author
Marcella Rietschel
- Function : Author
Catherine Schaefer
- Function : Author
Thomas G. Schulze
- Function : Author
Jordan W. Smoller
- Function : Author
Kari Stefansson
- Function : Author
Henning Tiemeier
- Function : Author
Rudolf Uher
- Function : Author
Henry Völzke
- Function : Author
Myrna M. Weissman
- Function : Author
Thomas Werge
- Function : Author
Ashley R. Winslow
- Function : Author
Cathryn M. Lewis
- Function : Author
Douglas F. Levinson
- Function : Author
Gerome Breen
- Function : Author
Anders D. Børglum
- Function : Author
Patrick F. Sullivan
- Function : Author
Raymond K. Walters
- Function : Author
Renato Polimanti
- Function : Author
Emma C. Johnson
- Function : Author
Jeanette N. Mcclintick
- Function : Author
Mark J. Adams
- Function : Author
Amy E. Adkins
- Function : Author
Fazil Aliev
- Function : Author
Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Function : Author
Anthony Batzler
- Function : Author
Sarah Bertelsen
- Function : Author
Joanna M. Biernacka
- Function : Author
Tim B. Bigdeli
- Function : Author
Li-Shiun Chen
- Function : Author
Toni-Kim Clarke
- Function : Author
Yi-Ling Chou
- Function : Author
Franziska Degenhardt
- Function : Author
Anna R. Docherty
- Function : Author
Alexis C. Edwards
- Function : Author
Pierre Fontanillas
- Function : Author
Jerome C. Foo
- Function : Author
Louis Fox
- Function : Author
Josef Frank
- Function : Author
Ina Giegling
- Function : Author
Scott Gordon
- Function : Author
Laura M. Hack
- Function : Author
Annette M. Hartmann
- Function : Author
Sarah M. Hartz
- Function : Author
Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Function : Author
Stefan Herms
- Function : Author
Colin Hodgkinson
- Function : Author
Per Hoffmann
- Function : Author
Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Function : Author
Martin A. Kennedy
- Function : Author
Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen
- Function : Author
Bettina Konte
- Function : Author
Jari Lahti
- Function : Author
Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Function : Author
Dongbing Lai
- Function : Author
Lannie Ligthart
- Function : Author
Anu Loukola
- Function : Author
Brion S. Maher
- Function : Author
Hamdi Mbarek
- Function : Author
Andrew M. Mcintosh
- Function : Author
Matthew B. Mcqueen
- Function : Author
Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Function : Author
Yuri Milaneschi
- Function : Author
Teemu Palviainen
- Function : Author
John F. Pearson
- Function : Author
Roseann E. Peterson
- Function : Author
Samuli Ripatti
- Function : Author
Euijung Ryu
- Function : Author
Nancy L. Saccone
- Function : Author
Jessica E. Salvatore
- Function : Author
Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Function : Author
Melanie Schwandt
- Function : Author
Richard Sherva
- Function : Author
Fabian Streit
- Function : Author
Jana Strohmaier
- Function : Author
Nathaniel Thomas
- Function : Author
Jen-Chyong Wang
- Function : Author
Bradley T. Webb
- Function : Author
Robbee Wedow
- Function : Author
Leah Wetherill
- Function : Author
Amanda G. Wills
- Function : Author
Jason D. Boardman
- Function : Author
Danfeng Chen
- Function : Author
Doo-Sup Choi
- Function : Author
William E. Copeland
- Function : Author
Robert C. Culverhouse
- Function : Author
Norbert Dahmen
- Function : Author
Louisa Degenhardt
- Function : Author
Benjamin W. Domingue
- Function : Author
Sarah L. Elson
- Function : Author
Mark A. Frye
- Function : Author
Wolfgang Gäbel
- Function : Author
Caroline Hayward
- Function : Author
Marcus Ising
- Function : Author
Margaret Keyes
- Function : Author
Falk Kiefer
- Function : Author
John Kramer
- Function : Author
Samuel Kuperman
- Function : Author
Susanne Lucae
- Function : Author
Michael T. Lynskey
- Function : Author
Wolfgang Maier
- Function : Author
Karl Mann
- Function : Author
Satu Männistö
- Function : Author
Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Function : Author
Alison D. Murray
- Function : Author
John I. Nurnberger
- Function : Author
Aarno Palotie
- Function : Author
Ulrich Preuss
- Function : Author
Katri Räikkönen
- Function : Author
Maureen D Reynolds
- Function : Author
Monika Ridinger
- Function : Author
Norbert Scherbaum
- Function : Author
Marc A. Schuckit
- Function : Author
Michael Soyka
- Function : Author
Jens Treutlein
- Function : Author
Stephanie Witt
- Function : Author
Norbert Wodarz
- Function : Author
Peter Zill
- Function : Author
Daniel E. Adkins
- Function : Author
Joseph M. Boden
- Function : Author
Dorret I. Boomsma
- Function : Author
Laura J. Bierut
- Function : Author
Sandra A. Brown
- Function : Author
Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Function : Author
Sven Cichon
- Function : Author
E. Jane Costello
- Function : Author
Harriet De Wit
- Function : Author
Nancy Diazgranados
- Function : Author
Danielle M. Dick
- Function : Author
Johan G. Eriksson
- Function : Author
Lindsay A. Farrer
- Function : Author
Tatiana M. Foroud
- Function : Author
Nathan Gillespie
- Function : Author
Alison M. Goate
- Function : Author
David Goldman
- Function : Author
Richard A. Grucza
- Function : Author
Dana Hancock
- Function : Author
Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Function : Author
Andrew C. Heath
- Function : Author
Victor Hesselbrock
- Function : Author
John K. Hewitt
- Function : Author
Christian J. Hopfer
- Function : Author
John Horwood
- Function : Author
William Iacono
- Function : Author
Eric O. Johnson
- Function : Author
Jaakko A. Kaprio
- Function : Author
Victor M. Karpyak
- Function : Author
Kenneth S. Kendler
- Function : Author
Henry R. Kranzler
- Function : Author
Kenneth Krauter
- Function : Author
Paul Lichtenstein
- Function : Author
Penelope A. Lind
- Function : Author
Matt Mcgue
- Function : Author
James Mackillop
- Function : Author
Pamela A. F. Madden
- Function : Author
Hermine H. Maes
- Function : Author
Patrik Magnusson
- Function : Author
Nicholas G. Martin
- Function : Author
Sarah E. Medland
- Function : Author
Grant W. Montgomery
- Function : Author
Elliot C. Nelson
- Function : Author
Markus M. Nöthen
- Function : Author
Abraham A. Palmer
- Function : Author
Nancy L. Pedersen
- Function : Author
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Function : Author
Bernice Porjesz
- Function : Author
John P. Rice
- Function : Author
Marcella Rietschel
- Function : Author
Brien P. Riley
- Function : Author
Richard Rose
- Function : Author
Dan Rujescu
- Function : Author
Pei-Hong Shen
- Function : Author
Judy Silberg
- Function : Author
Michael C. Stallings
- Function : Author
Ralph E. Tarter
- Function : Author
Michael M. Vanyukov
- Function : Author
Scott Vrieze
- Function : Author
Tamara L. Wall
- Function : Author
John B. Whitfield
- Function : Author
Hongyu Zhao
- Function : Author
Benjamin M. Neale
- Function : Author
Joel Gelernter
- Function : Author
Howard J. Edenberg
- Function : Author
Arpana Agrawal
- Function : Author
Michelle Agee
- Function : Author
Babak Alipanahi
- Function : Author
Adam Auton
- Function : Author
Robert K. Bell
- Function : Author
Katarzyna Bryc
- Function : Author
Sarah L. Elson
- Function : Author
Pierre Fontanillas
- Function : Author
Nicholas A. Furlotte
- Function : Author
David A. Hinds
- Function : Author
Karen E. Huber
- Function : Author
Aaron Kleinman
- Function : Author
Nadia K. Litterman
- Function : Author
Matthew H. Mcintyre
- Function : Author
Joanna L. Mountain
- Function : Author
Elizabeth S. Noblin
- Function : Author
Carrie A.M. Northover
- Function : Author
Steven J. Pitts
- Function : Author
J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti
- Function : Author
Olga V. Sazonova
- Function : Author
Janie F. Shelton
- Function : Author
Suyash Shringarpure
- Function : Author
Chao Tian
- Function : Author
Joyce Y. Tung
- Function : Author
Vladimir Vacic
- Function : Author
Catherine H. Wilson
- Function : Author
Abstract
Background: Despite established clinical associations among major depression (MD), alcohol dependence (AD), and alcohol consumption (AC), the nature of the causal relationship between them is not completely understood. We leveraged genome-wide data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and UK Biobank to test for the presence of shared genetic mechanisms and causal relationships among MD, AD, and AC.
Methods: Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) were performed using genome-wide data from the PGC (MD: 135 458 cases and 344 901 controls; AD: 10 206 cases and 28 480 controls) and UK Biobank (AC-frequency: 438 308 individuals; AC-quantity: 307 098 individuals).
Results: Positive genetic correlation was observed between MD and AD (rgMD-AD = + 0.47, P = 6.6 × 10-10). AC-quantity showed positive genetic correlation with both AD (rgAD-AC quantity = + 0.75, P = 1.8 × 10-14) and MD (rgMD-AC quantity = + 0.14, P = 2.9 × 10-7), while there was negative correlation of AC-frequency with MD (rgMD-AC frequency = -0.17, P = 1.5 × 10-10) and a non-significant result with AD. MR analyses confirmed the presence of pleiotropy among these four traits. However, the MD-AD results reflect a mediated-pleiotropy mechanism (i.e. causal relationship) with an effect of MD on AD (beta = 0.28, P = 1.29 × 10-6). There was no evidence for reverse causation.
Conclusion: This study supports a causal role for genetic liability of MD on AD based on genetic datasets including thousands of individuals. Understanding mechanisms underlying MD-AD comorbidity addresses important public health concerns and has the potential to facilitate prevention and intervention efforts.