This paper aims at developing a new connection between the Boltzmann equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. Specifically the paper deals with the derivation of the macroscopic equations from asymptotic limits of the Boltzmann equation for a binary gas mixture of hard-sphere gases. By extending the methodology of the single-component gases case and by employing different time and space scalings, we show that it is possible to recover, under suitable technical assumptions, various fluid dynamics equations like the incompressible linearized and nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations, the incompressible linearized and nonlinear Euler equations. The novelty of this paper is the method that we propose, which differs from the Hilbert and Chapman-Enskog expansions. Future research directions are also discussed in the last section of the paper with special attention at the different scalings that can be employed in order to obtain equations presenting a ghost effect.