To make progress in the empirical investigation of the functioning of the mind and how it relates to underlying brain structures standardly entailed making several assumptions. In particular, approaches as different as a cognitive neuroscience tool like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as most typically used, and single-case neuropsychology have this in common: when drawing theoretical inferences, they assume that individuals within a culture share a similar or an equivalent organisation of their cognitive functions, and presumably have the same underlying brain anatomy ( Caramazza, 1986; Goldin et al., 2008; Greene et al., 2004; Johnson-Frey, 2004)