The role of the gutl microbiome within a "gut-joint" axis is increasingly studied in osteoarthritis. The gut microbiome, particularly via its role in low-grade systemic inflammation, could be involved in joint destruction and osteoarthritic pain. Its mechanisms of action in osteoarthritis remain complex, with on the one hand a direct action of intestinal dysbiosis on osteoarthritis involving systemic inflammation, and on the other hand an indirect effect via the promotion of metabolic syndrome and obesity. The published works in mice have mainly focused on the role of the intestinal microbiota in joint destruction in metabolic models of osteoarthritis. In humans, works have focused on indirect markers of the gut microbiota, such as lipopolysaccharide, or metabolites, such as tryptophan-and related metabolites. Also, intestinal dysbiosis could be one of the explanatory factors of osteoarthritic pain. A better understanding of the role of the gut microbiom in osteoarthritis in humans and from experimental models could lead to new therapeutic insights in osteoarthritis.