Pioneers of plankton research: Sheina Marshall (1896–1977)
Résumé
Sheina Marshall (Fig. 1) is known to senior workers in the field as an important figure in plankton research. In the 1960's, the names of Sheina Marshall, and her long-time collaborator Andrew Orr, were said to be familiar to every worker in marine biology and fisheries (Yonge 1962) and that "Anyone attempting to study the biology of the marine plankton would not get far into the literature before becoming aware of the notable contributions made to this field by Sheina Marshall and the late A.P. Orr" (Dorsett 1966). Bruce Frost named a species of copepod for her, Calanus marshallae (Frost 1974). Recently, Gustav Paffenhöfer described Marshall as the "Queen of Copepods" (Paffenhöffer 2018). However, to the younger generation of plankton researchers, the work of Sheina Marshall may not be well known. This editorial aims to introduce her to them, and her substantial and varied contributions to plankton research. Marshall's work on plankton was mainly concentrated on copepods, thus explaining her being attributed the title "Queen of Copepods". However as will be shown here, Marshall early on did important work on a variety of other planktonic taxa such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, ciliates and larval fish. She also worked on the effects of artificial fertilization on plankton. A brief sketch of her life and career will be given and some of her 'notable contributions' to our field will be highlighted. The account here relies heavily on the biographical memoir by Frederick Russell, which includes a complete bibliography of Marshall's publications (Russell 1978), and on the short review of Sheina Marshall's life given in Coliss (2008).
Domaines
Océanographie
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