Influence of an oriented external electric field on double proton transfer reactions: from concerted to stepwise mechanism
Influence d'un champ électrique externe orienté sur les réactions de double transfert de protons : d'un mécanisme concerté à un mécanisme par étapes
Résumé
Double proton transfers (DPT) are important reactions in physics, chemistry and
biochemistry. As an example, they are proposed to be responsible for some DNA mutations
when they occur between Watson-Crick pairs [1]. Since at the heart of the double-helical DNA
macromolecules or in the active site of enzymes, electric fields may reach ,
understanding the effect of an electric field on these reactions is fundamental. Matta et al. have
already shown that it is possible to catalyze a DPT reaction using oriented external electric fields
(OEEF) [2].
In this work, we studied the influence of an OEEF on the mechanism of DPT between
Pyrazole and Guanidine by computational modelling, using DFT (ωB97XD/6-311++G(2d,2p)).
This system was chosen as it is at the interface between a strongly asynchronous concerted
mechanism and a stepwise reaction. Indeed, without OEEF, the potential energy profile along the
reaction coordinate shows a wide plateau in the transition state region where the system has a
strong zwitterionic character with deprotonated pyrazole in interaction with protonated guanidine
[3]. We studied the reaction under the influence of an electric field oriented along the two proton
transfers. In one direction, as the intensity of the field increases, we observed first an extinction
of the plateau indicating that the two protons are transferred more synchronously, and then its
reappearance, accompanied by an inversion in the order in which the two protons are transferred.
In contrast, the concerted reaction is transformed into stepwise process under an electric field
oriented in the negative direction. Finally, we explain the structural changes invoking the
electronic reorganization along the reaction path within the topology of the electron localization
function (ELF).
[1] Jacquemin D. & Ceron-Carrasco J., Phys Chem Chem Phys, 15(13), 4548-4553 (2013)
[2] Matta C. & Arabi A., J. Phys. Chem. B, 122, 37, 8631–8641 (2018)
[3] Rauhut G. & Schweiger S., J. Phys. Chem. A, 107, 45, 9668–9678 (2003)
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