Objective: To assess the clinical relevance of varicella zoster virus (VZV) lung detection among patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: We present a monocentric retrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2020. VZV genome was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid by real-time PCR. Results: Twelve of 1389 (0.8%) patients exhibited VZV lung detection, corresponding to an incidence of 13.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.8-21.0) per 100 person-years. Immunosuppression and prolonged ICU stay constituted the main risks factors. VZV detection was not associated with pulmonary deterioration but associated with a risk of shingles occurrence during the following days. Conclusion: VZV lung detection is a rare event among ICU patients, occurring mostly in immunocompromised patients with prolonged ICU stay. Due to its scarcity and the lack of association with pulmonary failure, a targeted approach to the VZV lung detection diagnosis may allow a significant cost saving without affecting the quality of patients care.