Here is the first book on the Rock-Eval® method, invented in France in the 1970s and used by the oil industry worldwide to characterize source rocks, reservoir rocks and their petroleum potential. Since then, Rock-Eval® has spread to other fields of application, including: soil science, paleoceanography, paleoclimatology, environmental science (i.e. monitoring of pollution remediation), material chemistry (i.e. carbonates, microplastics), etc. This book proposes a collection of articles reviewing the Rock-Eval® method, its fields of application and considers its possible developments. The authors are from the academic or applied sector and all have contributed to the development of the Rock-Eval® apparatus and method. This instrument, which is a hybrid between a chromatographic, thermal and elemental analyzer, is now evolving into an analytical platform on which new fields of applications can be tested in the future.