SynGO: An Evidence-Based, Expert-Curated Knowledge Base for the Synapse
Frank Koopmans
(1, 2)
,
Pim van Nierop
(1, 2)
,
Maria Andres-Alonso
(3)
,
Andrea Byrnes
(4)
,
Tony Cijsouw
(5)
,
Marcelo Coba
(6)
,
L Niels Cornelisse
(1, 2)
,
Ryan Farrell
(1, 2)
,
Hana Goldschmidt
(7)
,
Daniel Howrigan
(4)
,
Natasha Hussain
(4)
,
Cordelia Imig
(8)
,
Arthur de Jong
(9)
,
Hwajin Jung
(10)
,
Mahdokht Kohansalnodehi
(7)
,
Barbara Kramarz
(11)
,
Noa Lipstein
(8)
,
Ruth Lovering
(12)
,
Harold Macgillavry
(13)
,
Vittoria Mariano
(14, 15)
,
Huaiyu Mi
(6)
,
Momchil Ninov
(16)
,
David Osumi-Sutherland
,
Rainer Pielot
(3)
,
Karl-Heinz Smalla
(3)
,
Haiming Tang
(6)
,
Katherine Tashman
(4)
,
Ruud Toonen
(1, 2)
,
Chiara Verpelli
(14, 15)
,
Rita Reig-Viader
(17)
,
Kyoko Watanabe
(18, 2)
,
Jan van Weering
(2, 1)
,
Tilmann Achsel
(14, 15)
,
Ghazaleh Ashrafi
(19)
,
Nimra Asi
(4, 8)
,
Tyler Brown
(4)
,
Pietro de Camilli
(20)
,
Marc Feuermann
(21)
,
Rebecca Foulger
(12)
,
Pascale Gaudet
(21)
,
Anoushka Joglekar
(19)
,
Alexandros Kanellopoulos
(14)
,
Robert Malenka
(22)
,
Roger Nicoll
(23)
,
Camila Pulido
(19)
,
Jaime de Juan-Sanz
(19, 24)
,
Morgan Sheng
,
Thomas Südhof
,
Hagen Tilgner
,
Claudia Bagni
,
Àlex Bayés
,
Thomas Biederer
,
Nils Brose
,
John Jia En Chua
,
Daniela Dieterich
,
Eckart Gundelfinger
,
Casper Hoogenraad
,
Richard Huganir
,
Reinhard Jahn
,
Pascal Kaeser
,
Eunjoon Kim
,
Michael Kreutz
,
Peter Mcpherson
,
Ben Neale
,
Vincent O'Connor
,
Danielle Posthuma
,
Timothy Ryan
,
Carlo Sala
,
Guoping Feng
,
Steven Hyman
,
Paul Thomas
,
August Smit
,
Matthijs Verhage
,
L. Niels Cornelisse
,
Arthur P.H. de Jong
,
Ruud F.G. Toonen
,
Vincent O’connor
1
VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam]
2 Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center
3 LIN - Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology [Magdeburg]
4 BROAD INSTITUTE - Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
5 Tufts University School of Medicine [Boston]
6 Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles]
7 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]
8 MPI - Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine [Göttingen]
9 HMS - Harvard Medical School [Boston]
10 KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
11 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences [Glasgow]
12 UCL - University College of London [London]
13 Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht]
14 UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne
15 Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma, Italia] = University of Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italy] = Université de Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italie]
16 Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie - Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry [Göttingen]
17 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
18 VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]
19 Weill Cornell Medicine [Cornell University]
20 Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine
21 SIB - Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Genève]
22 Stanford University
23 UC San Francisco - University of California [San Francisco]
24 ICM - Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute
2 Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center
3 LIN - Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology [Magdeburg]
4 BROAD INSTITUTE - Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
5 Tufts University School of Medicine [Boston]
6 Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles]
7 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]
8 MPI - Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine [Göttingen]
9 HMS - Harvard Medical School [Boston]
10 KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
11 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences [Glasgow]
12 UCL - University College of London [London]
13 Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht]
14 UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne
15 Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma, Italia] = University of Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italy] = Université de Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italie]
16 Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie - Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry [Göttingen]
17 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
18 VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]
19 Weill Cornell Medicine [Cornell University]
20 Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine
21 SIB - Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Genève]
22 Stanford University
23 UC San Francisco - University of California [San Francisco]
24 ICM - Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute
David Osumi-Sutherland
- Fonction : Auteur
Morgan Sheng
- Fonction : Auteur
Thomas Südhof
- Fonction : Auteur
Hagen Tilgner
- Fonction : Auteur
Claudia Bagni
- Fonction : Auteur
Àlex Bayés
- Fonction : Auteur
Thomas Biederer
- Fonction : Auteur
Nils Brose
- Fonction : Auteur
John Jia En Chua
- Fonction : Auteur
Daniela Dieterich
- Fonction : Auteur
Eckart Gundelfinger
- Fonction : Auteur
Casper Hoogenraad
- Fonction : Auteur
Richard Huganir
- Fonction : Auteur
Reinhard Jahn
- Fonction : Auteur
Pascal Kaeser
- Fonction : Auteur
Eunjoon Kim
- Fonction : Auteur
Michael Kreutz
- Fonction : Auteur
Peter Mcpherson
- Fonction : Auteur
Ben Neale
- Fonction : Auteur
Vincent O'Connor
- Fonction : Auteur
Danielle Posthuma
- Fonction : Auteur
Timothy Ryan
- Fonction : Auteur
Carlo Sala
- Fonction : Auteur
Guoping Feng
- Fonction : Auteur
Steven Hyman
- Fonction : Auteur
Paul Thomas
- Fonction : Auteur
August Smit
- Fonction : Auteur
Matthijs Verhage
- Fonction : Auteur
L. Niels Cornelisse
- Fonction : Auteur
Arthur P.H. de Jong
- Fonction : Auteur
Ruud F.G. Toonen
- Fonction : Auteur
Vincent O’connor
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Synapses are fundamental information-processing units of the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is central to many brain disorders ("synaptopathies"). However, systematic annotation of synaptic genes and ontology of synaptic processes are currently lacking. We established SynGO, an interactive knowledge base that accumulates available research about synapse biology using Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to novel ontology terms: 87 synaptic locations and 179 synaptic processes. SynGO annotations are exclusively based on published, expert-curated evidence. Using 2,922 annotations for 1,112 genes, we show that synaptic genes are exceptionally well conserved and less tolerant to mutations than other genes. Many SynGO terms are significantly overrepresented among gene variations associated with intelligence, educational attainment, ADHD, autism, and bipolar disorder and among de novo variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. SynGO is a public, universal reference for synapse research and an online analysis platform for interpretation of large-scale -omics data (https://syngoportal.org and http://geneontology.org).