Thin film nickel hydroxide studied by electrochemical and electrogravimetric methods during the charge and discharge processes. Effects of some additives.
Etude par methodes electrochimiques et electrogravimetriques de l'hydroxyde de nickel en couche mince au cours des processus de charge/decharge. Effets de quelques additifs.
Abstract
This memoire is devoted to the study of the kinetics of an electrode of nickel hydroxide in thin layer during a charge or a discharge in alkaline medium realized by measurements of electrochemical impedances and by electrogravimetry. It has been shown that: the impedance diagrams present a state charge a behavior of type electrode blocking; the resistive element serie is well correlated with the electrical resistance of the nickel hydroxide, measures parallelly ex-situ in a metal-structuremetal hydroxide. The relationship between the low frequency capacitance measured by impedance and the effective capacitance of the electrode could be interpreted by the sudden transition between the insulating state and the conductive state of the material and could be described using a model of propagation of a conversion; the gravity measurements showed that the process of redox reduction of ni(oh)#2 is not limited to the exchange of a proton with the solution but involves the hydrated alkaline cations of the electrolyte; impedance measurements in an organic medium showed that all electrochemical and electrogravimetric properties depended on the microporosite of the material. The modifications made to the electrochemical process of ni(oh)#2 by certain additives have been studied: the addition of cobalt hydroxide is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the resistivity of the film to the state of discharge; the addition of cadmium hydroxide, zinc and magnesium limit the exchange of cations with the electrolyte, in agreement with the improvement of the mechanical strength of the films
Ce memoire est consacre a l'etude de la cinetique d'une electrode d'hydroxyde de nickel en couche mince lors d'une charge ou d'une decharge en milieu alcalin realisee par des mesures d'impedances electrochimiques et par electrogravimetrie. On a pu montrer que: les diagrammes d'impedances presentent a l'etat charge un comportement de type electrode bloquante; l'element resistif serie est bien correle a la resistance electrique de l'hydroxyde de nickel, mesuree parallelement ex-situ dans une structure metal-hydroxyde-metal. Le desaccord entre la capacite basse frequence mesuree par impedance et la capacite effective de l'electrode a pu etre interprete par la transition brutale entre l'etat isolant et l'etat conducteur du materiau et a pu etre decrit a l'aide d'un modele de propagation d'un front de conversion; les mesures gravimetriques ont montre que le processus d'oxydo-reduction de ni(oh)#2 ne se limite pas a l'echange d'un proton avec la solution mais fait intervenir les cations alcalins hydrates de l'electrolyte; des mesures d'impedances en milieu organique ont montre que l'ensemble des proprietes electro-chimiques et electrogravimetriques dependait de la microporosite du materiau. Les modifications apportees au processus electrochimique de ni(oh)#2 par certains additifs ont ete etudies: l'ajout d'hydroxyde de cobalt s'accompagne d'une forte diminution de la resistivite du film a l'etat decharge; l'addition d'hydroxyde de cadmium, de zinc et de magnesium limite les echanges de cations avec l'electrolyte, en accord avec l'amelioration de la tenue mecanique des films
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