Using the neutron as a probe, investigations at the interface between physics, chemistry and medicine can provide major information to the clinician, and the goal of this short review is to assess the different information which can be retrieved. Varied research issues can be approached, such as the interaction of tissues with trace elements, the mechanical deformation of prosthesis, the effect of diseases affecting bones or kidney stones composition and microstructure, as well as the dissolution process induced by drugs on kidney stones.