Theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the fluctuations of in vivo systems break the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. One can thus ask what information is contained in the correlation functions of protein concentrations and how they relate to the response of the reactive network to a perturbation. Answers to these questions are of prime importance to extract meaningful parameters from the in vivo fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data. In this paper we study the fluctuations of the concentration of a reactive species involved in a cyclic network that is in a nonequilibrium steady state perturbed by a noisy force, taking into account both the breaking of detailed balance and extrinsic noises. Using a generic model for the network and the extrinsic noise, we derive a chemical Langevin equation that describes the dynamics of the system, we determine the expressions of the correlation functions of the concentrations, and we estimate the deviation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the range of parameters in which an effective temperature can be defined.