Selective oxidation catalysis is of prime importance for the production of many key intermediates. The control of selectivity in the presence of gaseous oxygen is quite challenging and requires the development of efficient catalysts. Thanks to their large composition range, resulting from the modulation of their stoichiometry and substitution ability, hydroxyapatites can be modified by many metals, which make them original catalytic systems gathering both tunable acid–base properties and redox properties. In this chapter, we will show the interest of metal-modified hydroxyapatite catalysts for various classes of oxidation reactions. Due to their large range of stability, they can be implemented either in liquid phase for aerobic oxidation of alcohols (Pd, Ru) or at very high temperature (>600 °C) for gas phase alkane oxidation, partial oxidation of methane (Rh, Ni), and oxidative dehydrogenation of other alkanes (V, Co). The influence of the metal incorporation method (ion exchange, impregnation in excess of solution, or coprecipitation) on the metal dispersion and catalytic performance will be discussed. Finally, the role of the basic properties of hydroxyapatites in the alkane activation will be discussed.